基于二维染色体编码的集装箱海运网络免疫算法优化模型

An IA optimization model of container marine transport based on two-dimensional chromosome encoding

集装箱船舶大型化趋势的日益显著,为船公司和港口运营商带来巨大规模经济效益。要实现这种规模经济,必须合理选择集装箱船舶运营航线及船型尺度,优化整个运输网络。针对区域性集装箱港口群的网络径流优化问题,引入基于二维染色体编码的免疫算法。二维染色体编码能够准确描述集装箱海运网络的结构特点,简化网络建模过程,从而保证基于二维染色体编码的免疫算法对集装箱海运网络优化问题具有良好的适应性。算法通过模拟免疫系统的功能构建优化模型,避免经典算法组合寻优过程中难以克服的组合爆炸问题,从而快速、有效地使运输网络总成本收敛到最小,为集装箱港口的运营管理,特别是航线和船型选择提供充实的理论依据。试验结果同时表明,大型集装箱船舶比小型船舶更具有成本优势,规模经济效益促使集装箱船型尺度进一步增大。

It has become apparent that the use of mega-container ships for maritime transport can bring considerable economical benefits to both carriers and shippers. In order to make this into a reality, one may have to optimize the maritime transport network, thus to maximize the scale of economy. The action must be complemented with a reasonable selection of container type and programming of sea route. The present paper deals with the optimization work of marine transport network for a group of container seaports by a heuristic method Immune Algorithm （IA） on the basis of two-dimensional chromosome encoding. As it is known, the two-dimensional chromosome encoding could accurately express the characteristic of the transport network; IA on the basis of it can resolve the problem properly. The simulation results indicate that IA can avoid an insurmountable combinational explosion flaw by simulating the behavior of natural immune system, and account for the aforementioned uptrend. Hence, a reliable method is provided for the vessel and port operators to rationally plan the container maritime transport system.