上海市大型制造业基地开发模式研究

A STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS OF LARGE-SCALE MANUFACTURING BASE IN SHANGHAI

在阐述西方大型制造业基地开发经验和上海市大型制造业基地基本特征的基础上,文章从经济-区位-功能-空间联系的视角,着重分析了上海市大型制造业基地的经济开发、功能开发与空间形态开发。本文总结了上海大型制造业基地发展的4大特征,即规模大型化、产业集群化、结构高级化、运行高效化。在对开发模式得分析中,得出以下主要结论:①根据制造业性质差异性,经济开发分为网络型、子母型与并列型3种模式;②受区位选择制约,功能开发分为城区融合型和纯产业区型;③空间形态开发可分为离散状、带状和组团状模式。另外,通过上海大型制造业基地开发与西方的对比,可以发现两者既有相似的特征,更存在显著的差异。

Manufacturing base is a new model of industry clustering, and usually it occupies large area, has similar industry structure, has a great amount of production and enjoys relative independence. Based on expounding the evolution of manufacturing layout in western countries and the development process of manufacturing base in Shanghai, the paper analyses the development patterns of manufacturing base in Shanghai, from the angel of economy, location, function and space. The results are the followings： 1） The development of economy, location, function and space of manufacturing base are correlated, and economy development is fundamental and it determines the development patterns of location, function and space of large-scale manufacturing base in Shanghai; 2） Compared with western countries, the development patterns of manufacturing base in Shanghai are much different. Firstly, in Shanghai high technology manufacturing are scattered in built-up area and traditional manufacturing are conglomerated on the verge of urban or in the suburb, while in western countries high technology manufacturing are conglomerated in the suburb, usually forming an industry park. Secondly, in Shanghai the function of large-scale manufacturing base is usually comprehensive and relatively independent, while in western countries the function of manufacturing is simple and dependent. Thirdly, local government plays an important role in the development of manufacturing base in Shanghai, while market impulse is the main force in the development of manufacturing base in western countries; 3） In Shanghai, the development patterns of manufacturing base are not harmonious, and the main problem is that function development falls behind the economy development, and manufacturing base has to rely on the central city to provide necessary service, which brings about great amount of transportation between central city and suburb as western countries.