山茶属17个种的核形态学研究

A KARYOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF SEVENTEEN SPECIES OF CHINESE CAMELLIA

研究了山茶属（Ｃａｍｅｌｉａ）的９个组１７个种的细胞核形态结构，它们的间期核和分裂前期染色体的构形均为球形前染色体形和中间形。体细胞分裂中期的染色体构形，即核型分别为：红山茶组：１．贵州红山茶（Ｃ．ｋｗｅｉｃｈｏｗｅｎｓｉｓ）２ｎ＝９０＝６２ｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋２２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ，２．南山茶（Ｃ．ｓｅｍｉｓｅｒａｔａ）２ｎ＝３０＝２３ｍ（４ｓａｔ）＋５ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ，３．木果红山茶（Ｃ．ｘｙｌｏｃａｒｐａ）２ｎ＝６０＝３２ｍ（１ｓａｔ）＋２４ｓｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋４ｓｔ；茶组：４．大理茶（Ｃ．ｔａｌｉｅｎｓｉｓ）２ｎ＝３０＝２３ｍ＋７ｓｍ，５．马关茶（Ｃ．ｍａｋｕａｎｉｃａ）２ｎ＝３０＝２０ｍ＋１０ｓｍ，６．紫果茶（Ｃ．ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ）２ｎ＝３０＝２２ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ，７．四球茶（Ｃ．ｔｅｔｒａｃｏｃａ）２ｎ＝３０＝２１ｍ＋９ｓｍ；油茶组：８．茶梨（Ｃ．ｏｃｔｏｐｅｔａｌａ）２ｎ＝３０＝２１ｍ（１ｓａｔ）＋７ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ，９．高州油茶（Ｃ．ｇａｕｃｈｏｗｅｎｓｉｓ）２ｎ＝３０＝１７ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋１ｓｔ；连蕊茶组：１０．贵州连蕊茶（Ｃ．ｃｏｓｔｅｉ）２ｎ＝３０＝２１ｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋７ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ；瘤果茶组：１１．红花?

Seventeen species in nine sections of genus Camellia were karyomorphologically studied. They share the round prochromosome type of the resting nuclei and the interstitial type of the prophase chromosomes in somatic cells. The karyotypes at mitotic metaphase given are listed as follows: 1. 2n=90=62m(2sat)+22sm+6st for C. kweichowensis, 2. 2n=30=23m(4sat)+5sm+ 2stfor C. semiserrata, and 3. 2n=60= 32m( 1sat) + 22sm+ 2sm(sat)+4st for C. xylocarpa in section Camellia. 4. 2n=30=23m+7sm for C. taliensis, 5. 2n=30=20m+10sm for C. makuanica, 6. 2n= 30= 22m+ 6sm+ 2st for C. purpurea, and 7. 2n= 30= 21m+9sm for C. tetracocca in section Tea. 8. 2n=30=21m(1sat) + 7sm+ 2st forC. octopetala, and 9. 2n=30=17m+12sm+1st for C. gauchowensisin section Oleifera. 10. 2n=30=21m(2sat)+7sm+2st for C. costei in section Theopsis. 11. 2n=30=19m(2sat)+10sm+1st for C. rubituberculata, and 12. 2n=30=19m(2sat)+9sm+2st for C. neriiflora in section Tuberculata. 13. 2n=30=23m+7sm for C. acutiserrata in section Corallina. 14. 2n=30=20m+6sm+4st for C. wenshanensis, and 15. 2n=60=42m+16sm+2st for C. caudata in section Camelliopesis. 16. 2n=30=23m+7sm for C. euphlebia in section Chrysantha. 17. 2n=30=16m+10sm+4st for C. luteoflora in section Luteoflora. Among them, the karyomorphological studies of No. 1, 3, 5, 6, 9～15, 17 are firstly reported.