北京市朝阳区美沙酮维持治疗效果分析

EFFECTIVE EVALUATION ON METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT IN CHAOYANG DISTRICT,BEIJING

目的:了解朝阳区美沙酮维持治疗的效果。方法:采用问卷方式对2005年8月-2007年2月北京市朝阳区美沙酮维持治疗门诊收治的患者中治疗6个月以上者进行调查。结果:共调查130例,其中男104例,女26例,男女比例为4:1。年龄范围在22-54(38.84±s7.17)a,其中30-49a年龄段最多,占82.31%;初中(42.31%)与高中/中专(40.77%)文化者占多数;未婚/离异(49.24%)及已婚/再婚(50.77%)所占比例相近;待业或无业者达59.23%。通过美沙酮维持治疗,在注射毒品人群中共用针具的比例由治疗前43.48%降至治疗后10.00%;安全套的使用率由治疗前的16.15%提升至23.08%;犯罪率由治疗前的11.54%降至3.08%;过去一个月内与毒友的交往从治疗前的36次减至3次。结论:美沙酮维持治疗能够改变治疗者注射毒品等高危险行为,减少与前毒友的交往,提高安全性行为,减少社会犯罪。但在社会功能和家庭关系方面未起到改善作用。

Objective ： To evaluate the effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment （MMT） for opioid dependent patients in Chaoyang District, Beijing. Methods：An evaluation was conducted with a questionnaire issued by National Methadone Maintenance Treatment Working Group among the patients who had been on MMT in Chaoyang Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic from Angust 2005 to February 2007 for more than six months. Results：A total of 130 patients were recruited in the evaluation. Among them 104 were males and 26 females （the ratio was 4：1 ）. Their age ranged from 22 to 54 （38. 34 ± s 7. 17） a; patients at the age between 30 to 49 accounted the most（ 82. 31% ）. Large proportion of them had an education of junior middle school （ 42. 31% ） or high/specialized school （ 40. 77 % ） ; the proportion of unmarried/divorced （49.24%） and married （50. 77% ） was close; more than half（59.23% ） of them had no job. After MMT, the proportion of the patients sharing injectors dropped from 43.48% to 10. 00% ;condom use raised from 16. 15% to 23.08% ; crime commitments dropped from 11.54% to 3.08% ; getting together with former friends on drugs reduced from 36 times within a month before to 3 times. Conclusion：Methadone maintenance treatment can change the high risk behaviors such as injecting drugs, sharing injecters, unprotected sexual intercourse among drug users under MMT. It also can reduce crimes. However, no effect is found on the improvement of social and family function.