作物生长与土壤水氮运移联合模拟的研究Ⅱ——模型验证与应用

Coupled simulation on crop growth and soil water-heat-nitrogen transport Ⅱ.Model validation and application

在华北平原中国农业大学东北旺实验田开展了水肥耦合灌溉实验,设置了传统和优化水肥4个组合处理,同时应用作者提出的联合模拟模型SPWS对2000年夏玉米生育期内的土壤水分、氮素转化运移以及水氮限制条件下夏玉米的叶面积指数、干物重、吸氮量及籽粒产量进行了模拟,模拟结果与实测数据均吻合良好。水氮平衡分析结果表明,优化灌溉和优化施肥管理措施均能明显减小水分渗漏、硝酸盐淋失和氮素的气体损失,且均有不同程度的增产作用,其中优化水肥处理下水氮利用率分别为1.33kg/m3和31.6kg/kgN,为4个组合处理中最高。

The model coupling soil-plant system with water and solute transport （SPWS model） developed by the authors was used to simulate the water movement, nitrogen transport and crop growth process in the experimental fields located at the North China Plain. The experiments for maize included 4 treatments with different irrigation scheme and N application rates during summer growing season. The results showed that the simulated water content and nitrate concentration in soil profile as well as the leaf area index, dry matter weight, crop N uptake and grain yield were all in good agreement with the measured data. The results of water and nitrogen balance indicated that optimal management of irrigation and N fertilizer can remarkably reduce the seepage loss, nitrate leaching and gaseous loss, at the same time the crop yield will be raised. The best management scheme with the water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency being 1.33kg/m^3 and 31.6kg/kg N respectively was the optimal irrigation and N fertilizer treatment.