杂交粳稻品质性状遗传效应分析

Analysis of genetic effects of quality trait in japonica hybrid rice

为了给杂交粳稻稻米品质改良提供理论依据,利用489A、216A、552A、中作59A、16A、秋光A 6个不育系和94FR30、2002FR11、2002FR24、1229、FR7969、8FR2 6个恢复系配制不完全双列杂交组合,采用禾谷类作物胚乳品质性状的遗传模型及分析方法对杂交粳稻品质性状进行了遗传研究。结果表明,糙米率、精米长宽比、精米长厚比主要受种子直接显性效应的控制,整精米率、透明度和垩白率主要受种子直接加性效应控制,垩白面积的遗传主要受种子直接加性效应和母体显性效应共同控制,糙米率、垩白率的细胞质效应也达极显著水平,环境因素、抽样误差等剩余效应对精米率、垩白率、透明度的影响达显著或极显著水平。在杂交粳稻组合F2代种子品质性状平均杂种优势预测值中,糙米率、精米率、整精米率、精米长宽比、精米长厚比5个品质性状均有杂交优势达显著或极显著的组合,此外还根据品质性状的遗传效应预测值对亲本在育种中的利用潜力进行了评价。

Six steriling lines（489A,216A,552A,Zhongzuo 59A,16A,Qiuguang A） and six resume lines （94FR30,2002FR11,2002FR24,1229, FR796,98FR2） were used in incomplete diallel crosses to analyze the genetic effects of quality traits in japonica hybrid rice by using the genetic model and analysis method for quality traits of endosperms in cereal crops. The results showed that the quality traits, such as brown rice rate,milled rice ratio of length to width,and milled rice ratio of length to thickness etc,were mainly controlled by direct dominant effects,while head rice rate, translucency,and chalkiness rate were mainly controlled by direct additive effects. Genetic of chalkiness size was mainly controlled by direct additive and dominant effects,and cytoplasmic effects of brown rice rate and chalkiness rate were significant. Environmental factor and sampling error had significant effect on milled rice rate,chalkiness rate and translucency, too. Brown rice,milled rice,head rice,milled rice ratio of length to width,and milled rice ratio of length to thickness for 5 traits had significant or very significant combinations in the predicted values of heterosis of quality traits of japonica hybrid rice crosses F2. The potential breeding values of parental lines were discussed according to predicted values of genetic effects.