牛角花齿蓟马Odontothrips loti的生物学特性

Studies on the biology characteristics of Odentothrips loti

为了给牛角花齿蓟马的防治提供理论依据,对陕西关中地区严重为害苜蓿的牛角花齿蓟马的生物学特性进行了研究。室内饲养结果表明,青霉素瓶法是饲养蓟马的好方法。牛角花齿蓟马生长发育最适温度为18~25℃,当温度超过35℃时,牛角花齿蓟马不能正常发育为成虫;温度为38℃时,卵不能孵化。牛角花齿蓟马卵散产于苜蓿叶片边缘组织内,1 d可产卵8~11枚。在22℃时单雌产卵量最大,达91.36枚。牛角花齿蓟马卵、若虫、蛹和全世代的发育起点温度分别为8.1686,8.8213,10.4356和7.9424℃,有效积温分别为66.7577,93.1758,42.9243和245.3000（d.℃）,其发生代数约为11代。牛角花齿蓟马喜欢在植株顶活动,其对颜色有选择性,绿色和黄色对其成虫的诱集能力最强。在陕西关中地区牛角花齿蓟马有两个发生高峰期,分别为5月中下旬~6月上旬和7月中旬~8月上旬。当降雨量较大时,牛角花齿蓟马的数量减少,干热有利于其大发生。

The paper studies the biology characteristics of Odontothrips loti in alfalfa in the mid of Shaanxi Province. Interior feeding results indicate that the penicillin bottle feeding O. loti is a good method. The most suitable temperature of O. loti growth is 18-25 ℃. When the temperature exceeds 35℃ ,O. loti can not develop regularly for the imago; when the temperature is 38℃, it can not hatch. O. loti ovipositioned in the alfalfa＇s leaves blade border organization,and may spawn 8-11 eggs in a day. The maximum eggs amounts show at 22 ℃,one female may lay 91. 36 eggs. The starting temperature of it＇s ovum, nymph, pupa and entire are 8. 168 6,8. 821 3,10. 435 6 and 7. 942 4 ℃, respectively,and the effective accumulative temperatures are 66. 757 7,93. 175 8,42. 924 3 and 245. 300 degree-day. Green and yellow could gather inducing O. loti strongly. There are two peaks happening in Shaanxi area, the first period from May metaphase or evening to June prophase;the second period from Luly metaphase to August prophase. O. loti quantity decreases while rainfall is bigger, and dry heat is beneficial to the big occurrence.