高一新生心理应激源及其应付方式调查

The study of psycho-stressors and coping style in new students of grade one of senior middle school

目的探讨高中一年级学生心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用青少年生活事件量表及应付方式问卷对300名高一学生日常生活中的应激源及处理生活事件的应付方式进行调查分析。结果青少年生活事件量表测评:学习压力和人际关系问题是高一学生心理应激的主要来源,87.5%的学生有过考试失败或不理想的经验,75%的学生反映学习负担重。应付方式问卷测评:高一学生对生活的负性事件应付方式依次为积极解决问题、求助、幻想、退避、合理化、自责。不同性别、不同学校,不同出生地学生的心理应激源均无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。男生应付方式自责、合理化因子分显著或极显著高于女生(P<0.05或0.01),重点中学自责、退避因子分显著低于普通中学(P<0.05)。结论学习压力和人际关系问题是高一学生心理应激的主要来源,学校要及时的给予学习和生活方面的指导和支持,科学地开展心理健康教育,保证心理健康教育的针对性和实效性,实现学校和教师的教育与教学理念的根本转变。

Objective To explore the mental health status and influencing factors in new students of grade one of senior middle school. Methods Stressors and coping style were investigated in 300 new students of grade one of senior middle school with the Adolescent Life Event Sacle（ASLES） and Coping Style Questionnaire（CSQ）. Results According to the ASLES, the main mental stressors were learning pressure and interparsonal relationship problems, 87.5% of the students had experience of failure or disideal exam and 75 % reflected learning burden heavy. According to the CSQ, coping styles of negative events were in order actively solving a problem, seeking help , illusion, withdrawal, rationalization, self-accusation etc. There was no significant difference in mental stressors among students（P〉0.05）. Self-accusation and rationali- zation scores were significantly or very higher in the male students than in the female（P〈0.05 or 0.01）, scores of self-accusation and withdrawal were significantly lower in the students of key school than of common school（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Learning pressure and interparsonal relationship problems are main mental stressors of the students, schools should give diractions and supports of learning and living promptly, develop mental health education scientifically, warrant the direction and actual effects of mental health education and implement basic changes of education and teaching idea.