伊朗左翼知识分子马莱基及其“第三条道路”

Khalil Maleki,A Famous Left Intellectual and His"Third Way"

马莱基是巴列维时代著名的左翼政治活动家和学者,因反巴列维王朝对内实行专制独裁、对外投靠帝国主义前后三次被捕入狱;他对左翼运动阵营内盛行的马列教条进行批判的同时,提出了一条"既要苏联的经济民主,又要美国的政治民主"的所谓"第三条道路"。作为民主社会主义先驱者,他是伊朗国内最早倡导政治对话、议会民主、妇女权益、土地改革、个人自由和社会福利等主张,并对当时国际上风行的"第三条道路"理论进行探索的著名政治理论家之一。

As a determined political dissident and political scientist, Khalil Maleki became more well- known for his arrests three times with the accusations of anti - regime＇ s despotism and dependence upon the powers under the Pahlavis. As a socialist, he fermently criticized the dogmatism and personality cult among the Socialist Bloc, He was also the one of those who were labelled deviationism and revisionism within the Bloc, as he advocated parliamentary democracy , class dialogue, total welfare, emancipation of women, land redistribu- tion, etc., thus making him a prophetic democratic socialist in modem Iran. He now was re - valued and came into vogue again, seen as the Third World forerunner of the Third Way prevailing since the postwar period.