地域性气候条件下自然通风的有效时数分析

Study on the effective hours of natural ventilation under the regional climatic condition

近年来居住建筑空调设备的大量使用是造成夏季建筑能耗快速增长的重要原因,有效利用自然通风降温可以降低夏季空调能耗并改善室内空气品质.我国各地区气候条件相差悬殊,为合理利用自然通风降温技术,需要针对地域性气候条件对自然通风的节能潜力进行分析比较,以指导建筑节能设计的综合策略.本文根据中国居住建筑热环境状况的分析,提出适用于评价地域性气候条件下居住建筑的自然通风有效时数的计算方法,并采用了自然通风系统和建筑热过程系统的耦合影响模型,提出动态计算自然通风有效时数的计算方法.通过基于此方法的计算程序,以北京、西安、大连三个城市为例,计算了典型居住建筑形式的自然通风有效时数.根据计算结果,得出对于同属于寒冷地区的北京和西安,在三个月的降温季节中自然通风有效时数分别为70.5%和59.1%,而严寒气候区的大连有效时数为95.7%,对这三个城市的自然通风策略进行了简单的分析,此方法为进一步对我国不同气候区的自然通风有效性及其通风策略进行全面分析奠定了基础.

In recent years, the building energy consumption in summer rises rapidly. One of the most important reasons is that the air conditioner is widely used. As the natural ventilation is used effectively in building, the energy consumption of air conditioner reduced, and the indoor air quality improved. The important issues in determining the potential of natural ventilation are the suitability of the climate. According to the analysis on the thermal environment of residential building in China, a method to evaluate climate suitability based on a typical model of natural ventilation is presented in this paper. The coupling interaction model with the natural ventilation system and the building heat transfer process is applied in the evaluation method. The hours when which the natural ventilation are effective can be calculated through the procedure. From this method, the effective hours of three cities,i, e. Beijing, Xi＇an and Dalian are calculated. Based on the results of calculation, it is found that percentage of the effective hours in Beijing is 70.5 % in three months of the cool season. The percentage is 59.1% in Xi＇an and 95.7 % in Dalian. The strategies of natural ventilation of the three cities are analyzed in the paper. The effective hours of natural ventilation in different climate zones can be analyzed by the method in future.