超声波对化工过程的强化作用

Intensifing action of supersonic sound on the processes of chemical engineering

超声波与水溶液间作用能够有效地改变溶液中分子间的相互作用力,从而改变溶液的微观结构.这对很多化工、冶金过程,如液-液提取,熔液(液-固过程)除杂、电积、催化过程以及其他很多动力学过程都有巨大的强化作用.主要从超微细颗粒制备、熔液凝集去杂、提取、化学反应几个方面论述了超声波对化工过程的强化作用,特别强调了超声波的空化效应和对多颗粒系统簇团分布的控制作用及其机理.目的在于引起学界和业界对这一重要过程强化工具的关注.并认为将这一重要的过程强化工具在化工冶金界大规模推广,虽然近期尚不具备条件,但其前景是光明的.

Interactions between supersonic sound and solution can change the interaction forces between molecules in solution efficiently, and thereby change microstructures of the solution. There exists a huge intensification for many processes t in chemical engineering and hydrometallurgy, such as processes of solution-solution extraction, of impurity removal in molten solution （a process of solution-solid）, of electro-deposition, catalysis as well as many kinetic processes. This paper deals with the intensification actions of supersonic sound on chemical engineering from manufacture of superfine particles, impurity removal in molten slag, extraction and chemical reactions, with emphasis specially given to cavitations and controlled actions of cluster size distributions in many-particle systems and their mechanisms. The aim is to cause concern from both research and industry fields. The authors think that a perspective using supersonic sound on a large scale in both chemical engineering and metallurgy is bright though the conditions are not adequate in the near future.