基于“囚徒困境”的城市用户群节水心理探源

Exploring in psychological root on the self-discipline in water use by urban consumer groups based on "Prisoner's Dilemma"

博弈分析得出个体理性会引起集体非理性,使得个体陷入"囚徒困境",无法达到水资源利用的最佳状态。任何规章制度都不可能完全克服这一"囚徒困境",最终解决途径只能是采取自律模式——C模式,也就是用水者自我约束、自觉节水。城市用户群是由人类个体组成的人类集合体,正是这一群体及其所含个体的心理特点极大程度地支配着他们的用水行为,特别是自律行为的产生。所以,城市用户群的节水问题首先是心理问题。文章从人类心理的不同方面挖掘城市用户群及其所含个体的用水行为特点,提出釆用从个体心理根源出发,提高城市用户群对节水的认识与情感认同;从群体心理根源入手,建立城市用户群用水行为的良好导向,形成较强的群体凝聚力;应用社会互动现象,有意识调整城市用户群的用水心理与行为;矫正城市用户群不良的消费动机与消费需要,提倡绿色消费等措施,以促使用户形成自律行为,达到建设节水型社会的目的。

Individual rationality can cause the collective non-rationality through the game analysis,leaving individual in ＂prisoner’s dilemma＂,and water resources unable to be best used. Prisoner’s dilemma cannot be changed by any means of rules or regulations. The ultimate solution to it is to adopt the autonomy pattern—C pattern,that is,water consumers are self-restraint,and willing to save water. Urban consumer group is a collection composed of individual. It is the group with individual psychological characteristic that dominates their behavior of consuming water to great extent,especially the creation of self-discipline behavior. Therefore,saving water among urban consumer group belongs to psychology field firstly. This paper makes study on the water-consuming characteristics among the group to advance such measures to culture and control self-discipline behavior among them effectively. These are,starting with individual psychology root to increase urban consumer groups’ the awareness and emotional recognition to saving water; proceeding with group psychology root to set up all right guidance of water-consuming behavior,forming stronger group cohesive force; applying phenomena of social interaction to adjust consciously water-consuming mental and behavior among groups; rectifying ill consumption motive and need of them to advocate green-consumption. These measures are proposed to urge the user to form the self-discipline behavior in order to achieve the goal of constructing water-preservation society.