干旱区生态安全问题及其评价原理——以新疆为例

The ecological safety and its assessment principle in arid:A case of Xinjiang

普遍的生态敏感性和整体的生态退化趋势,使干旱区成为社会适应和经济适度极端脆弱区,其生态安全问题的典型性和突出性,为完善区域生态安全评价理论体系提供了理想靶区。根据生态安全评价的一般原理和目标,通过剖析新疆绿洲区生态安全问题的驱动、压力和响应机理,主要利用地带性共扼和非地带性耦合分析方法,从哲学观和生态系统、景观生态、土地类型及其稳定性格局层面,初步构建了干旱区生态安全评价的基本原理,得出确保有效的生态需水和生态水位,协调水生态及水安全功能,是干旱区生态安全评价的基础;基于生态承载和再生恢复禀赋的合理、适度利用优势资源,是绿洲开发的生态安全保障;维护天然绿洲和荒漠的"生态标本"价值,引导土地利用的生态化转向,是绿洲生态安全评价的客观依据;通过系统的生态规划和景观设计,保持异质景观的竞争性统一和生态圈层结构的动态稳定性,是干旱区生态安全评价的核心内容。

Which the general eco-sensitivity and trend of entirely eco-degradation make the arid to be the extreme fragile region that is suitable to social adaptation and economic moderation. Its typical and extrude ecological safety provides a ideal target for perfecting the theory system of eco-security assessment. Based on the general principle and objective of eco-security assessment,it preliminarily construct basic principle of eco-security assessment in arid by anglicizing its driving,pressure and response mechanism of oasis ecological safety in Xinjiang,which mainly using Analytical method of zonality clutch and nozone coupling from the philosophy and the side of eco-system,eco-landscape,land type and stability pattern. Drew that： Guaranteeing Effective ecological water requirements and ecological water level,coordinating water ecology and water safety function,that is the base of the eco-security assessment in arid. Reasonably and measurably utilizing advantage resources based on the endowment of eco-loading and recycled recovers that is eco-safeguard for oasis development. Safeguarding ＂eco-specimens＂ value of natural oasis and desert,guiding the ecological turning of land utilization,that is the objective basis for eco-security assessment. Keeping the competitive uniform of heterogeneous landscapes and dynamic stability of ecosphere structure by systematic ecological planning and landscape designing,that is the central contents of the eco-security assessment.