影响冠心病患者健康行为的调查与分析

Survey and analysis on behaviors effecting health of patients with coronary heart

目的调查冠心病患者健康行为（合理膳食、适量运动、戒烟限酒、心理平衡、遵医服药等）的状况，并分析其影响因素，为今后提高冠心病患者的健康教育作参考。方法对60例冠心病患者，通过自行设计的调查问卷以访谈的方式对其进行调查。结果冠心病患者健康行为状况中等以上者占88．3％，差者占11．7％。51岁以下患者的健康行为状况较51岁以上者差；退休组患者的健康行为状况较在职者好；肥胖者健康行为状况最差，其次为体重正常者，超重者健康行为状况最好。结论健康教育重点应放在低盐、低脂饮食；如何采取合理的心理应对机转；随身携带应急药物的必要性，完全遵医嘱服药的重要性；自我监测应监测什么，监测频率；复查的意义等知识上。

Objective To survey the state of health behaviors （reasonable diet, suitable amount of exercises, stopping smoking and limited alcohol--drinking, a psychological balance, taking drugs following the advice from a doctor and so on） of patients with coronary heart, and to analyze the influence factors in order to provide reference for improving health education of patients with coronary heart. Methods 60 patients with coronary heart were surveyed with a self--designed questionnaire by the manner of visiting and talking. Results There were 88.3% of coronary heart patients with moderate or upward state of healthy behavior, 11.7% with bad state. The state of healthy behavior of patients aged below 51 was worse than patients aged above 51. The state of healthy behavior of retired patients was better than that of on--duty patients. The state of healthy behavior of obesity patients was worst, then the patients with normal body weight, and that of the over--weight patients was best. Conclusions The key points of health education should be low salt and low fat diet, how to adopt the reasonable psychological coping mechanism, the necessity of taking the contingency drugs with himself or herself, the importance of completely following the doctor＇s advice to take the medicine, what items should be monitored by a self--monitoring, the frequency of monitoring, and the meaning of re--examination.