论抗战时期国民政府对猪鬃的外贸统制

National Government's Control over the Foreign Trade of Bristles during the Anti-Japanese War

猪鬃为我国重要的外贸出口物资,也是国外军事工业不可缺少的原料。抗战爆发后,基于猪鬃运销困难,为防止敌伪走私、抢夺,保证易货偿债的顺利实施,1939年9月国民政府颁布统制条例,依法对猪鬃实施贸易统制。通过对猪鬃统制,国民政府逐渐建立和完善了相应的贸易管理机构和对外国营贸易公司,通过预付货款、外汇补贴等具体措施,扶持鬃商,促进了战时猪鬃贸易的繁荣。同时还培植猪鬃资源,致力于猪鬃产量之增加与品质之改进。但猪鬃统制也损害了从业者的利益,制约了国外市场的拓展,不利于猪鬃贸易的长远发展。

Bristles are the major export in China and also an indispensable raw material for foreign MIC. During the Anti-Japanese War, there was difficulty in transporting and selling bristles. In order to prevent puppets from smuggling and plunderhag bristles and to ensure the smooth implementation of barter debt, the national government issued regulations in September, 1939 to control bristle trade according to the law. By bristle dirigisme, the government gradually established and improved the management and external trade in the corresponding state-owned trading companies. Meanwhile, it also supported the bristle traders by such specific measures as payment in advance and foreign exchange subsidies, promoting a war-time prosperity of bristle trade. It fostered the resources of bristles, improved their quality and increased their production. However the control over the bristle trade damaged the interests of the practitioners, and restricted the expansion of foreign markets, which went against the long-term development of the bristle trade.