从《论语》看孔子的隐逸思想

Confucian Thoughts of Solitude from the Aspects of Confucian Analects

孔子是春秋后期一个积极的用世者。但对古代高士和当代贤哲的向往和推重,一生落魄的坎坷的经历,让他对隐逸有一种难舍的情结,并形成一整套有关隐逸的理论。首先,他提出了关于隐逸的原则:一是"邦无道",二是"道不行"。其次,他谈到隐逸存在着不同的层次选择,即"贤者辞世,其次辞地,其次辞色,其次辞言"。再次,他还论及隐居生活的自我人格完善,也就是要保持安贫乐道的生活态度。这些思想对后世文人都产生了深远的影响。

Confucius is the most important thinker, political activist, and founder of the Confucian school in the late Spring and Autumn Period. The yearning for sages and the frustrating experiences makes him have a feeling of solitude and form a theory on it. Firstly, he puts forward the principles on solitude. Secondly, he claims that solitude follows into different layers. Thirdly, he discusses the perfection of the self-personality in the solitude, that is, man should be content to lead a humble but virtuous life. These thoughts have a profound influence on the following generation.