黔东南州2001-2005年学校传染病爆发疫情分析

Epidemiological Analysis on Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases in Schools in Qiandongnan Prefecure from 2001 to 2005

目的了解黔东南州学校传染病爆发疫情的流行病学特征,为学校预防和控制传染病提供科学依据。方法应用描述流行病学方法,对黔东南州2001-2005年学校传染病疫情资料进行统计分析。结果黔东南州2001-2005年发生在学校的传染病爆发疫情90起,发病6099例,死亡2例,罹患率为8.81%,病死率为0.03%。学校传染病爆发疫情以呼吸道传染病为主(83.33%),94.45%的爆发和97.41%的病例发生在农村;3月和10月为高发月份,7～9岁为高发年龄。结论特殊的环境、学生疫苗接种率低和疫情迟报是学校出现传染病爆发和疫情扩大的原因。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of infectious diseases in Qiandongnan prefecture, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control in school. Methods By using the description method, data of the outbreaks of infectious diseases were analyzed. Results There were 90 outbreaks of infectious diseases, 6 099 cases and 2 dead in all. The attack rate was 8.81% and the mertality was 0.03%. The most outbreaks if infectious diseases were respiratory infectious diseases （ 83.33 % ）. About 94.45 % outbreaks and 97.41% cases occurred in rural area. Most of the outbreaks concentrated between March and October, and the prevalence was higher in 7-9-year-old than that of the other age groups. Conclusion The special circumstance of the schools the lower vaccination coverage rate of the students and the delay of epidemic outbreaks reported easily cause infectious diseases outbreaks and spread.