梭伦改革划分公民等级的标准问题考论

On the Standard of Partitioning Citizen's Stratification in Solon's Reformation

在梭伦改革划分公民等级的标准问题上,学者们的意见众说纷纭,令人莫衷一是。具体来看,分歧主要集中于以下四个方面:四个等级的名称及划分是否自梭伦改革始;梭伦改革之前雅典社会分工和经济成分有无多元化;德拉科立法时"自由财产"是否已成为高级官职的任职资格;以及如何看待古典作家的记载。立足于古代文献资料,作出令人信服的考证,具有重要意义。

There are many opinions on the standard of partitioning citizen＇s stratification in Solon＇s Reformation in the academia. This paper, by using the limited ancient literature and materials, adopting a dialectical materialist standpoint, opinions and methods, started with textual research from four aspects the names and partition of four stratifications which did not begin from Solon＇s Reformation; the already existent diversified social labor division and economic elements; ＂Liberal Property＂ already considered the qualification of high official positions during Draco Legislation; and the viewpoints on the works of ancient writers and so on. Then on this basis, it questions the mainstream discourse on this topic in the academia, and opens out that most people have misread the ancient literature.