基于水足迹的区域水资源评价研究——以重庆市为例(英文)

An Assessment of Regional Water Resource Based on Water Footprint——A Case study of Chongqing Municipality

水足迹(Water Footprint)和虚拟水(Virtual Water)是当前国际水资源领域研究的热点,用水足迹与虚拟水的概念及计算方法,计算了重庆市及其三大经济区的主要农畜产品虚拟水含量及其虚拟水的贸易平衡量、工业产品虚拟水贸易平衡量,并最终估算了重庆市及其三大经济区的水足迹总量.结果表明:2004年重庆市水足迹总量288.50×108m3,水资源压力指数29.97%;同期分区域看,都市发达经济圈水足迹总量32.65×108m3,水资源压力指数50.80%;渝西经济走廊水足迹总量92.22×108m3,水资源压力指数42.21%;三峡库区生态经济区水足迹总量137.86×108m3,水资源压力指数20.31%.并分析了重庆市及其三大经济区人均水足迹及水资源压力指数偏高的原因,给出了降低水足迹缓解水资源压力的几条建议.

Water footprint （WFP） and virtual water （VW） are the hot focus of academic attention in the field of international water resource research. The present paper attempts to apply the concept of ＂virtual water＂ and ＂water footprint＂ to the calculating of the virtual water contents of major agricultural and industrial products and the trade counterbalance of virtual water, and estimate the volume of water footprint （WFP） of Chongqing as a whole and of its three economic zones. The results indicate that water footprint in volume, per capita water footprint in volume, and Water Stress Index （WSI） of Chongqing in 2004 were, respectively, 288. 50×10^8 m^3 , 917.62 m^3 and 29.97%. From the point of sub-areas, water footprint in volume, per capita water footprint in volume, and WIS of the Metropolitan Advanced Economic Sphere, the West Chongqing Economic Corridor and the Three-Gorges Reservoir Area were 32.65×10^8 m^3, 581.29 m^3 and 50.80%; 92.22×10^8 m^3, 923.33 m3 and 42.21% and 137. 86×10^8 m^3, 873.46 m^3 and 20.31%, respectively. In the present paper, we analyze the reasons for the high volume of total water footprint, per capita water footprint and WSI and offer some policy options for reducing water footprint to alleviate the pressure of water resources.