土地整理的生态环境效应分析

Effects of land consolidation on ecological environment

土地整理活动是一个重建生态环境系统的过程,在此过程中将会对区域环境要素及其生态过程产生影响。该文将土地整理的生态环境影响因子归纳为土地整理项目工程的特性、土地整理后土地利用类型结构的变化以及土地整理后土地景观格局的变化。其中土地整理项目工程会对土壤质量、水文环境、生物多样性、农田小气候等产生影响;未利用土地的开发、交通用地的增加以及土地利用类型的单一化会对生态环境产生影响;而土地景观格局的变化可能会影响动物生态行为,同时会提高区域整体的环境美学价值。

Land consolidation is a process of reconstruction of ecological environment system and it has effects on regional environment factors and ecological process. In this paper, three factors affecting regional ecological environment were presented in the process of land consolidation, including land consolidation engineering characteristics, land use type changes and landscape pattern changes after land consolidation. Furthermore, the effects of these factors on regional ecological environment were analyzed, respectively. First, land consolidation can reduce soil quality and cause soil surface erosion and wind erosion. Meanwhile, the large hydraulic project and the irrigation and drainage project in farmland have effects on hydrographic environment and soil environment, respectively. Second, developing unarable land and increasing traffic land have effects on ecological environment, and the simplification of land use type decreases soil stability. In addition, the change of corridor pattern has effects on ecological behaviors of animals in farmland, and the changes of landscape can increase the aesthetic value of environment.