人类学习的特点:当代美国教育人类学的视角

Features of Human Learning:The Angle of View from Contemporary Education Anthropology in America

在关注多样性文化传习的教育人类学范式方面,美国较为发达。美国从20世纪60年代开始重视与心理学互动,研究文化与认知;70年代调查多样性学习,论证人类学习的社会建构性机制;80年代明确学习人类学概念,增强研究的深度感和时代感;世纪之交,莱夫等人提出情境学习理论,产生了跨学科影响。该学科有关理论和研究方法具有重要的现实意义。

The educational anthropology （EA） paradigm that focuses on the transmision and accquisition of culture has developed best in USA. Based upon the interaction with psychology, the EA of the USA began the study of culture and cognition in 1960s. The mechanism of social construction of human learning was expounded by investigating dirvirse learning events in 1970s. The concept of anthropology of learning started to be clear and the EA did more in-depth work and studied the up-dated topics in 1980s. At the turn of last century,Lave put forward the situated learning theory which infuenced cross-disciplinarily. Both the theory and methodology are of great significance.