3J Kevin Kealy,Hester Mcallister,谢富强主译.犬猫X线与B超诊断技术[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社.2006:350.
4Leaflet A S.Candidate Gene Discovery for Dog Cryptorchidism[J].Iowa State University Animal Industry Report,2008,AS 654,ASL R2296.Available at:http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_air/vol654/iss1/45.
5Eiichi KAWAKAMI,Tatsuya HORI,Toshihiko TSUTSUI.Function of Contralateral Testis after Artificial Unilateral Cryptorchidism in Dogs[J].J Vet Med Sci,1999,61(10):1107-1111.
6Berkowiz G S,Lapinski R H,Dolgin S E,et al.Prevalence andnaturalhistory of cryptorchidism[J].Pediatrics,1993,92(1):44-49.
7Barr F J.Diagnostic Ultrasound in the Dog and Cat[M].Blackwell Scientific Publications,1990:288-289.
8Pugh C R,Konde L J,Park RD.Testicular ultrasound in the normal dog[J].Vet Radiol,1990,31:195-199.