骨骼肌萎缩的细胞分子机制与抗萎缩运动模式

Cellular and molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy and anti-atrophic muscle training

目的:回顾骨骼肌萎缩细胞分子机制的研究进展,抗萎缩运动模式和药物干预对骨骼肌萎缩的疗效及机制。资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库1988-03/2007-03相关骨骼肌萎缩的文献,检索词"skeletal muscle,atrophy,exercise,ubiquitin-proteasome,apoptosis",限定文献语言种类为英文。同时计算机检索万方数据库2002-03/2005-05相关骨骼肌萎缩的文献,检索词"骨骼肌,细胞凋亡,运动",限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取包括骨骼肌萎缩的文献,开始查找全文。纳入标准:涉及骨骼肌萎缩的蛋白质泛化、细胞凋亡、抗萎缩运动、药物干预的文章。排除标准:不涉及上述项目。资料提炼:共检索到61篇关于骨骼肌萎缩的文献,最终纳入33篇符合标准的文献。资料综合:骨骼肌萎缩有衰老性、废用性和病理性3种。去神经支配的动物模型有助于从细胞分子水平认识骨骼肌萎缩,蛋白质同化/泛化研究、细胞增殖/凋亡研究从不同角度揭示了骨骼肌萎缩的机制。废用性模型为开发抗萎缩药物和验证抗萎缩运动模式提供了研究平台,但尚缺少一致性结论,运动抵抗/延缓肌肉萎缩的效应体现于结构蛋白基因表达、细胞信号转导、激素、细胞因子等各个层面。在运动抗萎缩治疗中,药物与物理疗法的辅助作用也不可忽略。结论:骨骼肌萎缩的细胞分子机制与蛋白质泛化和细胞凋亡过甚密切相关,运动抵抗/延缓肌肉萎缩的效应体现于相应的细胞分子水平,药物和理疗对骨骼肌萎缩有一定疗效,但机制不明。

OBJECTIVE：To review the research progress of cellular and molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy, and the effects and mechanisms of anti-atrophic muscle training and medication against atrophy. DATA SOURCES： The relevant articles on skeletal muscle atrophy published between March 1988 and March 2007 were searched for in PubMed with the key words of ＂skeletal muscle, atrophy, exercise, ubiquitin-proteasome, apoptosis＂ in English. Simultaneously, the relevant articles published between March 2002 and May 2005 were searched in Wanfang Database with the key words of ＂skeletal muscle, apoptosis, training＂ in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION： The data were checked firstly, and the articles on skeletal muscle atrophy were selected for the fuU-texts. Inclusive criteria included the articles on protein generalization, apoptosis, anti-atrophic muscle training and medication on skeletal muscle atrophy, and others were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 61 articles on skeletal muscle atrophy were found out, and 33 articles were selected according to the inclusive criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS： Skeletal muscle atrophy is usually caused by three factors： aging, disuse and related diseases. Denervation contributes to research atrophy at cellular and molecular level; both protein synthesis/degradation and cell proliferation/apoptosis reveal the mechanism of atrophy at different points of view, Disuse models were widely used to search medicament and anti-atrophic muscle training against atrophy, but these researches could not draw consistent conclusions. The resistant/retardant effects of exercise on atrophy were shown in gene expression of structural proteins, cell signal transduction, hormone, cytokine and so on. Medication and physical therapy had an inneglectable effect on anti-atrophic muscle training. CONCLUSION： Skeletal muscle atrophy has a heavy correlation with excessive protein degradation and apoptosis. The resistant/retardant effects of exercise on atrophy are correspondingly shown at cellular and molecular levels. Medication and physical therapy have a positive effect on atrophy, but reasons are unclear.