纺织工作环境及其噪声对女工心理健康的影响

Effects of weave work environment and noise on psychological health of female workers

目的：评价纺织工作环境及其噪声对纺织女工心理健康的影响,为有关部门制定卫生标准和防护措施提供科学依据。方法：调查于2006-02/04进行,选取成都市某织布厂接触噪声高于85dB（A）的女工341名作观察组,另选取同厂接触噪声强度低于85dB（A）的女工154名作对照组,检测两组作业环境的噪声强度、风速、气温、气湿,并了解两组受试者的一般情况,采用SCL-90症状自评量表评价调查对象的心理健康状况,包括躯体不适、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执和精神病性9项因子,得分越高症状越重。结果：495名受试者的资料进入结果分析。①两组作业环境检测,除观察组接触的噪声强度超过国家噪声卫生限值[85dB（A）]外,两组的其余各项指标均符合国家卫生标准,并且其一般情况的构成相似。②观察组SCL-90量表的9项因子分、总均分、阳性项目数以及阳性症状均分均高于对照组（P〈0.05）,躯体不适和强迫症状两项因子分≥3分的阳性检出率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。③观察组各个工龄组SCL-90的9项因子分、总均分和阳性项目数中,除躯体不适和敌对因子以外,其余指标均以1-年工龄组为最高（P〈0.05）。结论：高强度的纺织噪声对女工心理健康有一定的影响,其中对1-年工龄组的影响最明显。建议采取积极有效的措施,以保护纺织女工的心理健康。

AIM： To evaluate the psychological effect of female textile workers by the weave work environment and the occupational noise on them, providing scientific information for protective measures and hygienic standard of relevant branches. METHODS： From February to April in 2006, 341 female weavers exposed to high-level occupational noise [〉 85 dB （A）] from a textile factory of Chengdu city were selected as the observed group （OG）, and 154 female workers exposed to low-level occupational noise [〈 85 dB （A）] from the same factory were selected as the control group （CG）. The work condition （including noise, temperature, wind speed, and air humidity） and basic features of the subjects were measured in two groups. Then the psychological health of both groups was surveyed by symptom checklist-90 （SCL-90）, which included 9 factors of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paraniod ideation and psychoticism. The higher scores indicated the severer symptom. RESULTS： Totally 495 female weavers was analyzed in this study.①Except the noise that OG was exposed to, all other work conditions for both groups were lower than national standards. The basic features of all the subjects were nearly the same. ②AII nine factor scales, global severity index, positive symptom distress index, and positive symptom total scores of SCL-90 for OG were significantly higher than those of CG （P 〈 0.05）. For the somatization and obsessive-compulsive scales, the rate of scoring /〉 3 points in OG was also remarkably higher than that of CG （P 〈 0.05）. ③Except somatization and hostility, the other 7 factor scales, global severity index, and positive symptom distress index of the 1-year subgroup for the length of service were the highest （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： High-level weave noise has remarkable negative psychological effects on female weavers, especially for those with 1-year service length. It is suggested that effective protection should be taken to prevent the female weavers from psychological damage.