暴露唐山大地震6个月胎儿成年后的分裂样人格特征

Adult schizotypal personality characteristics of a fetus exposed to Tangshan earthquake in its sixth month of gestation

目的:评估暴露与未暴露于唐山大地震的6个月胎儿成年后发展为分裂样人格的可能性。方法:①被试对象为来自于唐山地区的14所高中学校的所有18周岁的高中三级学生。剔除1976年地震时母亲不在唐山地区居住的学生。设出生于1976-07-28/1977-04-28学生604人为暴露组,1977-07-28/1978-04-28出生的学生601人为对照组。为确保两组在接受评估时的年龄相同暴露组和对照组的测试时间分别为1995-12和1996-12。接受调查的学生均对本调查目的知情同意。②采用Raine分裂样人格问卷作为分裂性人格特征的测量工具。该问卷包括22项"是""否"的选择题,由此产生总分及3个因子分:认知因子、人际关系因子、紊乱因子,该量表评分越高(0￣20分),分裂样人格的可能性越大。③两组的测验结果比较采用t检验。结果:暴露组有603人和对照组598人完成Raine分裂样人格问卷的评定数据,获得有效报告,并进入结果分析。①两组妊娠6个月胎儿Raine分裂样人格问卷评分比较:暴露组妊娠6个月胎儿Raine分裂样人格问卷总分和认知因子分分别为(9.1±4.6)和(13.4±2.1)分,明显高于对照组[(7.6±3.6),(2.7±1.6)分,t=2.04,2.00,P<0.05],人际关系缺陷因子和紊乱因子比较,差异不明显(P>0.05)。②两组妊娠第6个月不同周数胎儿的Raine分裂样人格问卷总分和因子分比较:暴露组妊娠第23周胎儿的Raine分裂样人格问卷总分明显高于对照组(t=2.1,P<0.05),认知因子分有高于对照组的倾向,但差异不明显(P>0.05),紊乱因子分明显高于对照组(t=2.3,P<0.05)。两组妊娠第21,22,24周胎儿Raine分裂样人格问卷评分差异不明显(P>0.10)。结论:暴露于唐山大地震的6个月胎儿成年后发展为分裂样人格的可能性更大。

AIM： To evaluate the fetus exposed to earthquake in their sixth month of gestation with or without high risk for adult schizotypal personality characteristics. METHODS： ①The subjects were drawn from the fourteen high schools in the Tangshan area. All 12^th grade students who were 16 years were invited to participate in the research project. Discarding any data from subjects whose mothers resided outside the Tangshan area during the 1976 earthquake, 604 subjects who were bom from July 26^th, 1976 to April 26^th ,1977 were selected as the exposure group. The control group consisted of 601 subjects who were born one year after the exposure group from July 26^th, 1977 to April 26^th, 1976. The recruitment and testing of exposure group took place in December of 1995 and for the control group in December of 1996, This ensured that exposure group and control group were the same age at the time of the assessment, Fully informed consent was obtained in all subjects. Raine＇s Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire （SPQ-B） was used as a measure of schizotype personality. The SPQ-B of 22 True-False items made up a total score together with three subfactors： Cognitive-Perceptual factor, Interpersonal Deficits factor and Disorganization factor. The more mean scores on SPQ-B （0-20 points）, the more possibility of schizotypal personality was. ③Differences of means were evaluated with t -test in the two groups. RESULTS： 603 in exposure group and 598 in control group completed the SPQ-B evaluation, and effective data were obtained and all were involved in the result analysis, ①Comparison of SPQ-B score in fetus of sixth month of gestation in the two groups： Total score and score of Cognitive-Perceptual factor of SPQ-B score in fetus of sixth month of gestation in the exposure group were （9.1±4.6） and （13.4±2.1） points, respectively, which were markedly higher than those in the control group [（7.6±3.6）, （2.7±1.6） points,t =2.04, 2.00,P 〈 0.05]. There was no significant difference between the Interpersonal Deficits factor and Disorganization factor （P 〉 0.05）. ②Comparison of total score and factor scores of SPQ-B in fetus of sixth month （different weeks） of gestation in the two groups： At week 23 the total score of SPQ-B in the exposure group was remarkably higher than that in the control group （t =2.1,P 〈 0.05）. Score of Cognitive-Perceptual factor was higher than that in the control group, but there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. Score of Disorganization factor was distinctly higher than that in the control group （t =2.3,P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference of SPQ-B score at weeks 21,22 and 24 in the two groups （P〉 0.10）. CONCLUSION： The fetus exposed to the earthquake in their sixth month of gestation maybe has high risk for adult schizotypal personality characteristics.