不同学历士兵群体人格因素的比较

Comparison of personality characters of soldiers from different educational backgrounds

目的:比较高中及以上学历与初中及以下学历士兵群体的人格因素差异。方法:①于2003-05/09以整群抽样的方法对驻湖北某部队基层男性兵员633人进行调查。对调查项目知情同意。②以李绍农等修订的美国心理学家Cattell编制的16项人格因素问卷作为测量工具测评个体的人格特征。该量表共由187个题目组成,包括15个人格因素和1个一般智力因素,即:"乐群、聪慧、稳定、持强、兴奋、有恒、敢为、敏感、怀疑、幻想、世故、忧虑、实验、独立、自律、紧张"性16项根源人格因素。遵循16项人格因素问卷的标定记分方法和标定公式,在计算出16根源因素得分的基础上,分别计算得出适应与焦虑、内向与外向、感情用事与安详机警、怯懦与果断4项次元因素;心理健康、专业成就、创造能力、新环境成长能力4项综合评估结果。③对结果进行两样本总体均值差异性(u)检验。结果:发放问卷633份,回收有效问卷562份(88.8%),进入结果分析士兵562人,其中初中以下(含初中)学历者293人,高中以上(含高中)269人。①根源人格因素测试结果:高中以上学历士兵群体16项人格因素问卷中的聪慧、恃强、兴奋、幻想、实验、独立性6个因素得分明显高于初中以下学历士兵群体(u=3.76,2.73,2.74,3.73,3.74,3.26,P<0.01)。②人格次级因素测试结果:高中以上学历士兵16项人格因素问卷中怯懦与果断次元因素得分明显高于初中以下学历士兵(5.04±1.51,4.59±2.16,u=2.88,P<0.01)。③人格综合评分结果:高中以上学历士兵16项人格因素问卷中创造能力综合评估因素得分明显高于初中以下学历士兵(74.92±9.86,72.74±8.49,P<0.01)。结论:高学历较低学历士兵更具备知性人格因素和创造性能力。

AIM： To compare the personality of soldiers with educational background of senior high school or above and junior high school or below. METHODS： ①A total of 633 grass-root male soldiers were enrolled from a troop stationed in Hubei Province randomly and studied as subjects from May to September 2003, with their informed consents. ②Cattell 16 Personality Factor （16PF） model was utilized as the measuring tool. There were 187 testing items of the questionnaire, including 16 primary PF of warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractedness, privateness, apprehension, openness to change, self-reliance, perfectionism and tension. Additionally, 4 global factors （adaptation and anxiety, introversion and extraversion, tough-mindedness and alertness, cowards and decision） and 4 synthesized evaluations （mental health, professional achievements, creativity and flexibility in new environment） were calculated, respectively. All the samples were tested by mean value （u） test. RESULTS： Totally 633 questionnaires were distributed, among which 562 （88.8%） were available and entered the result analysis, including 293 soldiers of junior high school and/or below and 269 of senior high school and/or above.①Primary PF test： The latter group was significantly superior to the former group in 6 PF of reasoning, dominance, liveliness, abstractedness, openness to change and self-reliance （u =3.76, 2.73, 2.74, 3.73, 3.74, 3.26, P 〈 0.01）.②Grade-2 PF test： The latter group was significantly superior to the former group in cowards and decision （5.04±1.51, 4.59±2.16, u =2.88, P 〈 0.01）.③Synthesized evaluation： The latter group was significantly superior to the former group in creativity （74.92± 9.86, 72.74±8.49, P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： Educational backgrounds are positively correlated to intellectual personality factors and creativity in soldiers.