苗族儿童行为问题与父母的教养方式

Miao children’s behavioral problems and parental rearing patterns

目的:了解苗族儿童行为问题及其与父母养育方式的关系,为少数民族地区开展心理健康教育提供理论依据。方法:于2005-09/10采用分层整群抽样的方法从贵州铜仁松桃苗族自治县松桃实验小学、盘信小学抽取二￣四年级300名学生为调查对象。采用Achenbach儿童行为量表家长版和儿童抚养行为问卷进行调查。其中①Achenbach儿童行为量表包括113个描述儿童行为问题的条目,按0,1,2三级记分。分数越高,行为问题的程度越严重。填表时按最近半年内的表现记分,6-11岁的行为问题分为9个因子,男生分别是:分裂样、抑郁、交往不良、强迫性、体诉、社交退缩、多动、攻击性、违纪;女生分别是抑郁、社交退缩、体诉、分裂样强迫性、多动、性问题、违纪、攻击性、残忍。每个因子包含的问题数目不一。经Achenbach量表筛查分析后,如果其中有1个因子的得分超过该因子常模分的98百分位数,则被判定为有行为问题。②儿童抚养行为问卷用于调查父母的教养方式,该问卷包括91条描述父母抚养态度,价值,观念和行为的条目,采用5点量表,1代表"完全符合",5代表"完全不符合",分数越低,父母在该项目上的符合程度越高,该特点越明显。问卷分为6个因子:接受性、拒绝、鼓励成就、鼓励独立性、惩罚定向、保护和担忧。结果:发放问卷300份,有效问卷298份,其中男134名,女164名。①检出有行为问题的苗族儿童112名,检出率37.6%,其中男生为35.8%,女生为39.0%。男生检出率较高的因子为交往不良、强迫、抑郁、分裂样、多动;女生检出率较高的因子为抑郁、分裂样强迫、性问题、多动。②男生行为问题的部分因子与父母的惩罚定向呈显著的正相关。女生的行为问题的多数因子与父母的拒绝、惩罚定向呈显著正相关。结论:苗族儿童行为问题十分突出,父母教养方式影响儿童的行为问题。

AIM： To analyze the relationship between children＇s behavioral problems and their parental rearing pattems, so as to provide theory basis for mental health education in the areas of national minorities. METHODS： From September to October 2005, with the questionnaires of Child Behavior Checklist （CBCL） and Child Rearing Practices Report Q Soa （CRPR）, 300 Miao children from grades two to four in Songtao Experimental Primary School and Panxin Primary School, which was in Songtao Autonomous County of Tongren in Guizhou, had been investigated by using stratified and cluster sampling method. Among them, ①There were 113 entries in CBCL describing children＇s behavioral problems. It kept the score with 0, 1 and 2 level, and the higher the score was, the more serious the behavioral problum was. The questionnaires were required to be scored according to children＇s behavior within the last six months. The behavioral problems of children aged from 6 to 11 included nine factors, for boys they were schizomania, depression, bad communication, obsessive-compulsion, somatic complaints, timid social behavior, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and disobeying; and for girls they were depression, timid social behavior, physical comfort, obsessive-compulsion, hyperactivity, sex, disobeying, aggressiveness and brutality. According to the analyzing of Achenbach Questionnaire, because the number of the questions varied in different factors, if the score was 98% higher than the norm of the factor, the children were usually regarded as having social problems. ②The questionnaire of CRPR was used to investigate the parenting way, which contained 91 items describing parents＇ upbringing attitude, valuation, idea and behavior. It used five-point method： ＂one＂ referred to ＂totally matching＂, while ＂five＂ meant ＂complete discrepancy＂. The lower the score was, the higher the parents＇ match level at this item was and the characteristics were more obvious. This questionnaire included six factors, which were acceptance, rejection, encouragement of achievement, encouragement of independence, punishment orientation, protection and concem. RESULTS： Three hundred questionnaires, among which 298 were valid, were used to investigate the Miao children including 134 males and 164 females. ①One hundred and twelve children had been tested to have behavioral problems, and the incidence rate was 37.6% including 35.8% males and 39.0% females. The boys＇ behavioral problems were mainly bad communication, obsessive-compulsion, depression, schizomania and hyperactivity. The girls＇ behavioral problems were mainly depression, schizomania, sex and hyperactivity. ②Some of the boys＇ behavioral problem factors were positively correlated with the parental punishment orientation. Most factors of the girls＇ behavioral problems were positively correlated with parents＇ refusal and punishment orientation. CONCLUSION： The incidence of the Miao children＇s behavioral problems is significant. Parental rearing pattems have an effect on the behavioral problems of the children.