新编健身八段锦功法对老年人智能生理年龄的影响

Effect of Baduanjin on physiological age of intelligence for old people

目的:观察新编健身气功八段锦的延缓老年人智能衰老的效果,并与只进行一般性晨练的老年人进行对比。方法:①实验于2006-03/08在北京市丰台区大井社区和东大街社区完成。结合健康检查筛选无运动健身习惯,身体基本健康的61～65岁老年男性42名,56～60岁老年女性71名。均对干预措施知情同意。按性别、年龄、身高、受教育年限、体质量匹配的原则将受试者分为锻炼组58名和对照组55名。锻炼组受试者练习新编健身气功八段锦6个月(该功法是运用现代医学理论对传统八段锦功法进行重新整理编创而形成的),每周锻炼5～7d,每早练习3遍(约1h)。对照组不练习新编健身八段锦功法。②在实验开始前、实验3个月和实验6个月,进行《智能生理年龄软件》测试。测试内容共7项:心算速度、数字符号、动作反应、计数、数字广度、跟踪操作和无意义图形再认。前4项各由10组分测验组成,分别计算完成规定测试内容所需时间的均值,方差及错误数目。用时短,反映智能生理年龄年轻化。后3项分别测试能够记住随机数字的个数,双手跟踪一条正弦曲线的操作误差及14幅无意义几何图形再认的记忆保存量,记忆量多,操作误差小,反映智能生理年龄年轻化。③统计方法采用多因素方差分析。结果:老年人113名均进入结果分析。①实验3个月后,老年男子锻炼组的心算速度、数字符号、计数和智能生理年龄的变化值与对照组比较,差异明显(F=9.23￣69.06,P<0.01);老年女子锻炼组的心算速度、数字符号、计数、跟踪操作和智能生理年龄的变化值与对照组相比,差异明显(F=3.90￣50.92,P<0.05￣0.01)。②实验6个月后,老年男子锻炼组的心算速度、数字符号、动作反应、计数、跟踪操作、图形再认和智能生理年龄的变化值与对照组相比,差异明显(F=5.28￣34.46,P<0.05￣0.01);老年女子锻炼组的心算速度、计数、跟踪操作和智能生理年龄的变化值与对照组相比,差异明显(F=5.28￣36.20,P<0.05￣0.01)。③实验6个月期间,锻炼组老年男女的智能生理年龄分别增长(2.75±1.22)和(4.60±1.60)个月,而对照组男女的智能生理年龄分别增长(6.48±2.74)和(7.61±1.62)个月,两组同一性别比较,差异明显(F=34.46,36.20,P=0.000)。结论:长期有规律的八段锦锻炼可以延缓老年人智能的衰退速度。

AIM： To investigate revised Baduanjids healthy effect on delaying the intellectual aging, and compare with the effect of general morning exercise in old people. METHODS= ①A total of 42 healthy old men aged from 61-65 years and 71 healthy old women aged from 56-60 years, residents of Fengtai district in Beijing, were selected from March to August in 2006 as subjects, with their informed consents. They matched each other in gender, age, height, education length and body weight, who were divided into two groups： train group （n =58） and control group （n =55）. People in train group exercised revised Baduanjin regularly for 6 months （comprising modern medicine theory and traditional Baduanjin）, 5-7 times/week, 1 hour/time. While no exercise was given in control group.②Intelligence physiological age was measured at the beginning, after 3 months and 6 months of experiment. The test of intelligence physiological age included mental arithmetic, digit symbol, reaction time, count, digit width, tracking manipulation and nonsense figure recognition. The former four items were consisted of 10 subtests, in which the mean time, variance and error number of complete test were calculated respectively. And shorter time indicated younger intelligence physiological age. The latter three items were used to determine the number of randomized digit memory, error manipulation of tracking a sine curve by both hands, and the memory conservation of nonsense figure recognition. And more memory conservation and less error manipulation indicated younger intelligence physiological age.③Statistical method adopted multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS： All 113 old subjects were involved in the result analysis. ①The changing values of mental arithmetic, digit symbol, count and intelligence physiological age were significantly different between the men train group and control group after 3 months （F =9.23-69.06, P 〈 0.01）, and those of mental arithmetic, digit symbol, count, tracking manipulation and intelligence physiological age were also significantly different between the,.women train group and control group （F =3.90-50.92, P 〈 0.05-0.01）. ②Compared with the control group, all the irdex in test of intelligence physiological age except digit width were different obviously in men train group after 6 months （F =5.28-34.46, P 〈 0.05-0.01）. Moreover, those of mental arithmetic, count, tracking manipulation and intelligence physiological age were also different significantly in women train group （F =5.28-36.20, P 〈 0,05-0,01）. ③Six months during the phase of experiment, intelligence physiological age of men and women increased respectively （2.75±1.22） and （4.60±1.60） months in train group, which were lower than that in control group [（6.48±2.74）, （7.61±1.62） months, F =34.46, 36.20, P =0.000]. CONCLUSION： The regular exercise of Baduanjin can delay aging of intelligence in the old people.