有氧运动12周干预绝经后妇女体质形态及功能指标

Changes in the physique and functional indexes of post-menopausal women after aerobic exercise for 12 weeks

目的:观察有氧运动对绝经后妇女体质中相关生理生化指标的影响。方法:实验于2005-03/12在邵阳学院运动康复中心进行。选择自愿接受康复中心康复训练的绝经后妇女24名,年龄50～65岁。按随机数字表法分为有氧运动组和对照组,每组12名。所有受试者保持平时的饮食习惯及一般的体力活动。严格遵守作息时间,不随意打乱生活规律。有氧运动方式为慢跑,运动强度采用的靶心率的计算方法:靶心率=(最大心率-安静心率)×0.6～0.85+安静心率;同时用自觉用力程度监控运动强度,自觉用力程度的Borg记分从12～16(即从"稍累"到"累")。每次持续时间40min,每周星期一、三、五锻炼3次。每次运动前有10～15min准备活动,运动后有5min整理活动。实验前和有氧运动12周后分别测定两组对象身高、体质量、心率、血压、腰围、臀围、体脂率、血糖、血脂等体质指标,进行比较。结果:纳入的24名绝经后妇女全部进入结果分析。有氧运动组运动后体质量指数、腰围、臀围、体脂率分别为(23.1±3.0)kg/m2,(75.1±3.6)cm,(91.8±6.0)cm和(26.1±4.2)%,与运动前比较,明显下降[(24.8±3.5)kg/m2,(76.5±4.2)cm,(93.9±6.4)cm,(27.8±3.0)%,P<0.05];体脂率与对照组比较,差异明显[(27.1±3.7)%,P<0.05]。运动后安静心率、安静收缩压和舒张压分别为(70.7±4.8)次/min,(107.5±16.8)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)和(73.6±12.1)mmHg,与运动前比较,明显降低[(74.7±4.8)次/min,(114.3±12.9)mmHg和(76.0±6.6)mmHg,P<0.01];与对照组比较,差异也明显[(74.7±5.1)次/min,(114.0±15.1)mmHg和(75.4±13.3)mmHg,P<0.05]。运动后握力、背肌力和最大吸氧量分别为(25.2±3.8),(63.2±4.4)kg,(49.8±0.9)mL/(kg·min),与运动前比较,均有增加(P<0.05),背肌力与对照组比较,差异明显[(59.2±3.3)kg,P<0.05]。训练前后血糖变化不明显(P>0.05)。有氧运动组血总胆固醇与运动前和对照组比较,变化不明显(P>0.05),三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于运动前(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于运动前(P<0.05)。结论:有氧运动可有效地改善绝经后妇女的体质相关生理生化指标,可成为预防冠心病等疾病的有效措施。

AIM： To observe the effect of aerobic exercise on the related physiological and biochemical indexes in physique of post-menopausal women. METHODS： The experiment was carded out in the Sport Rehabilitation Center of Shaoyang College from March to December 2005. Twenty-four post-menopausal women of 50-65 years, who voluntarily received the rehabilitation training, were selected and randomly assigned to aerobic exercise group and control group with 12 women in each group. They kept their habits in diet and general activities according to the time table and living rule. The aerobic exercise mainly referred to jogging, and target heart rate for the intensity was calculated by： （maximal heart rate- resting heart rate）×0.6 to 0.85±resting heart rate; meanwhile, the exercise intensity was monitored by rating of perceived exertion, whose Borg mark was scored from 12 to 16 （slightly tired to tired）. The exercise every time lasted for 40 minutes, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday each week; there were 10-15 minutes warming up before exercise and 5 minutes warming-down after. The height, body mass, basic heart rate, blood pressure, waist circumference, hip circumference, fat rate, blood glucose and lipid were measured before and 12 weeks after exercise for comparison. RESULTS： All the 24 post-menopausal women were involved in the result analysis. The body mass, waist circumference, hip circumference and fat rate of the aerobic exercise group after exercise were significantly decreased compared with those before exercise [after： （23.1±3.0） kg/m^2, （75.1±3.6） cm, （91.8±6.0） cm, （26.1±4.2）%; before： （24.8± 3.5） kg/m^2, （76.5±4.2） cm, （93.9±6.4） cm, （27.8±3.0）%, P 〈 0,05]; there were significant differences in the fat rate between exercise group and control group [（27.1±3.7）%, P 〈 0.05]. After training, the resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the exercise group were remarkably reduced compared with those before exercise [after： （70.7±4.8） times/rain, （107.5±16.8） mm Hg （1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）, （73.6±12.1） mm Hg; before： （74.7± 4.8） times/rain, （114.3±12.9） mm Hg, （76.0±6.6） mm Hg, P 〈 0.01]; there were significant differences compared with the control group [（74.7±5.1） times/rain, （114.0±15.1） mm Hg, （75.4±13.3） mm Hg, P 〈 0.05]. The aerobic exercise increased the grasp force, back strength and maximal oxygen consumption [（25.2±3.8） kg, （63.2±4.4） kg, （49.8±0.9） mL/（kg .rain）] compared with those before exercise （P 〈 0.05）, and the back strength of the exercise group differed remarkably from the control group [（59.2±3.3） kg, P 〈 0.05]. In the exercise group, there were no obvious changes in the glucose level before and after exercise （P 〉 0.05）, so was the cholesterol level compared with that before exercise and control group （P 〉 0.05）; the contents of tdglycedde and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower than those before exercise （P 〈 0.05）, while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than before exercise （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The aerobic exercise could improve the physique of post-menopausal women and serve as an effective measure to prevent and cure the coronary artery disease.