扶正益气中药对力竭运动后优秀赛艇运动员淋巴细胞的作用

Effects of Chinese herbs of strengthening and invigorating genuine qi on lymphocytes of excellent rowers after exhaustive exercise

目的:观察以黄芪、灵芝提取物为主要成分的扶正益气中药对大强度力竭运动后优秀赛艇运动员外周血淋巴细胞的影响。方法:于2004-08/10选择国家健将级赛艇男运动员16名,随机数字表法分为对照组和实验组,每组8名。实验组和对照组受试者分别在测试前,每天早、晚各1次服用扶正益气中药(主要成分为黄芪、灵芝,由暨南大学生物医药基地提供,批号0929)或安慰剂(麦芽糊精),15g/次,连续服用30d。实验组测试当天6∶30服药1次。运动员在正式运动测试前进行5min的准备活动,休息5min后,开始以80%最大强度在划船测功仪上运动至力竭。采用ELITE流式细胞仪检测淋巴细胞数量和含量,CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞含量;采用ADVIACentaur化学发光免疫分析系统检测睾酮、皮质醇水平。结果:①淋巴细胞的变化:运动后24h,实验组受试者淋巴细胞含量、CD4+T细胞含量及CD4+与CD8+比值高于运动前及对照组,差异有显著性意义[分别为(41.36±4.80)%,(35.14±4.46)%,(34.08±3.45)%;(38.36±4.43)%,(31.71±4.98)%,(32.45±5.80)%;1.23±0.22,0.97±0.24,0.94±0.28,P<0.05]。②睾酮、皮质醇的变化:实验组运动后24h,血清睾酮、皮质醇水平低于运动前,差异无显著性意义[分别为(48.90±7.01),(55.58±9.25)ng/L;(1.48±0.20),(1.48±0.21)μg/L,P>0.05]。对照组运动后24h睾酮水平低于运动前,差异有显著性意义[分别为(49.01±8.16),(62.22±11.46)ng/L,P<0.05],皮质醇水平高于运动前,差异有显著性意义[分别为(1.88±0.20),(1.54±0.14)μg/L,P<0.05]。结论:扶正益气中药对大强度力竭运动后优秀赛艇运动员的CD4+与CD8+比值具有显著的升高作用,其作用机制之一可能为扶正益气中药很可能通过抑制运动后睾酮水平的降低及皮质醇水平的升高,达到提高CD4+T细胞含量,改善CD4+/CD8+比值,进而增强机体细胞免疫功能的作用。

AIM： To observe the effects of Chinese herbal extracts from milkvetch root and lucidum ganoderma, which strengthens and invigorates genuine qi on the peripheral blood lymphocyte in excellent elite rower after exhaustive exercise. METHODS： Sixteen male elite rowers were selected from August to October 2004 and randomly assigned to control group and herbal group with 8 people in each group. Herbal extracts supplements （composed of milkvetch root and lucidum ganoderma; provided by Biomedicine Base of Jinan University, No. 0929） or placebo （maltodextrin） was given orally to the athletes in the two groups, 15 g every time for 30 days. The herbal group took the drug at 6：30 on the day of test. The athletes warmed up for 5 minutes before the exercise test, after 5 minutes rest, they performed treadmill exercise at 80% maximal oxygen uptake until exhatJstion. Lymphocytes number and content, CD4^＋T and CD8^＋T cell contents were detected with ELITE flow cytometry; testosterone and cortisol levels were measured with ADVIA Centaur chemiluminescence immune assay system. RESULTS： ①Changes of lymphocytes： 24 hours after the exercise, the concentration of lymphocyte and CD4^＋T, and the ratio of CD4^＋/CD8^＋ in the herbal group were higher than those before exercise and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant [（41.36±4.80）%, （35.14±4.46）%, （34.08±3.45）%; （38.36±4.43）%, （31.71±4.98）%, （32.45± 5.80）%; 1.23±0.22, 0.97±0.24, 0.94±0.28, P 〈 0.05]. ②Changes of testosterone and cortisol levels： The concentration of testosterone and cortisol in the herbal group after 24 hours exercise was lower than that before exercise, and no significant differences were found [（48.90±7.01）, （55.58±9.25） ng/L; （1.48±0.20）, （1.48±0.21） μg/L, P 〈 0.05]. The concentration of testosterone in the control group after 24 hours exercise was lower than that before exercise, and the differences were significant [（49.01 ±8.16）, （62.22±11.46） ng/L, P 〈 0.05]; the cortisol level was higher than that before exercise with significant differences [（1.88±0.20）, （1.54±0.14） μg/L, P〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION： Chinese herb that strengthens and invigorates genuine qi can significantly increase the ratio of CD4^＋/CD8^＋ in the excellent rowers after exhaustive exercise. One of the possible mechanisms may be that the herbal extracts increase the concentration of CD4^＋T cells, improve the ratio of CD4^＋/CD8^＋ and enhance the cellular immune function of body by restraining the decrease of testosterone and increase of cortisol after exhaustive exercise.