体育学院不同专业、不同年级学生心肺功能测试结果比较

Comparison of the cardiopulmonary function of students in a sports college from different grades and majors

目的:观察武术运动对体育院校学生心肺功能的影响,及不同专业、不同年级学生心肺功能的差异。方法:于2004-03/07选择徐州师范大学体育学院科研所的大学生志愿者60名进行心肺功能测试。均为男性,身体健康,自愿接受测试。对照组:非系统参加体育运动的普通院系健康大学生12名。体育教育专业1组:体育教育专业一年级学生12名;体育教育专业2组:体育教育专业四年级学生12名;民族传统专业1组:民族传统专业一年级专修武术套路二级运动员12名。民族传统专业2组:民族传统专业四年级专修武术套路二级运动员12名。测试前测量受试者的身高、体质量,5组受试者的身高、体质量无差异(P>0.05)。运动强度采用改良Bruce方案,每级运动3min,无间隙自动升级,运动中连续心电监护并记录心电图和心率,同时收集受试者呼出的气体,测出吸氧量和肺通气等。根据参数推算出心输出量[Q=2.9+5VO2(L/min)]。结果:60名受试者均进入结果分析。①安静时民族传统专业1组、民族传统专业2组、体育教育专业1组和体育教育专业2组受试者的心率均低于对照组[(72.6±6.3),(77.4±5.1),(72.2±5.9),(82.7±8.6),(90.2±9.1)次/min,P<0.05],最大心输出量均明显高于对照组[(20.5±2.8),(19.5±2.0),(19.9±1.8),(18.5±1.4),(16.8±1.2)L/min,P<0.01]。体育教育专业2组安静时心率明显高于体育教育专业1组,最大心输出量明显低于体育教育专业1组。②体育专业两组的最大吸氧量、最大通气量、运动时间和运动强度均明显高于对照组[最大吸氧量:(3.4±0.2),(3.2±0.3),(2.8±0.8)L/min;最大通气量:(112.8±10.1),(107.3±8.8),(99.1±8.6)L/min;运动时间:(18.1±1.1),(15.3±1.8),(13.7±1.8)min;运动强度:(6.0±0.4),(5.1±0.5),(4.6±0.6),P<0.05]。体育教育专业2组的最大吸氧量、运动时间和运动强度均低于体育教育专业1组(P<0.05);体育教育专业2组运动时间、运动强度均明显低于民族传统专业2组[运动时间:(15.3±1.8),(17.3±1.1)min;运动强度:(5.1±0.5),(5.7±0.6),P<0.05]。结论:随年级的升高,不同体育专业学生的心肺功能有所下降。武术运动能够提高大学生的心肺功能,民族传统专业和体育教育专业学生的心肺功能无明显差别。

AIM： To observe the effect of martial arts on cardiopulmonary function of sports school students, and the difference of cerdiopulmonary function of students in different majors and grades. METHODS： Totally 60 college volunteers from Academy Research Institute, School of Physical Education, Xuzhou Normal University were selected to carry out cerdiopulmonary function testing from March to July 2004. The subjects were male, with good health, and participated the experiment voluntarily. Control group： There were 12 healthy college students from common departments who did not systematically participate in athletic sports, Sports major group 1： there were 12 sports major grade-one students. Sports major group 2： there were 12 sports major grade-four students. Traditional national major group 1： there were 12 students from grade one for level-two martial art. Traditional national major group 2： there were 12 students for level-two martial art from grade four. Subjects＇ height and body mass were measured before testing, and there was no significant difference of height and body mass in the 5 groups （P 〉 0.05）. Modified Bruce method was applied, and exercise of each grade was performed for 3 minutes, no interspace, automatic grade. Electrocerdio monitoring was conducted in exercise and electrocardiogram and heart rate were recorded. At the same time, exhalant air of subjects was collected to identify quantity of respiratory oxygen and lung ventilation and so on. Heart output was calculated according to reference [Q =2.9＋5VO2L/min）]. RESULTS： Totally 60 subjects were involved in the result analysis. ①The heart rate of sports major group 1, sports major group 1, traditional national major group 1 and traditional national major group 2 were lower that of control group in quiet [（72.6±6.3）, （77.4±5.1）, （72.2±5.9）, （82.7±8.6）, （90.2±9.1） times/min,P 〈 0.05]. Maximal cardiac output was remarkably higher that of control group [（20.5±2.8）,（19.5±2.0）,（19.9±1,8）,（18.5±1.4）,（16.8±1.2） L/min,P 〈 0.01]. The heart rate of sports major group 2 was remarkably higher that of sports major group 1, but maximal cardiac output was obviously lower. ②Maximal quantity of respiratory oxygen, maximal ventilatory volume, movement time and exercise intensity in sports major group 1 and sports major group 2 were markedly higher than those of control group [Maximal quantity of respiratory oxygen： （3.4±0.2）, （3.2±0.3）, （2.8±0.8） L/min ;maximal ventilatory volume： （112.8±10.1）, （107.3± 8.8）, （99. 1 ±8.6） L/min ;movement time： （18.1±1.1 ）, （15.3±1.8）, （13.7±1.8） min ;exercise intensity ：6.0±0.4,5.1 ±0,5,4.6± 0.6,P 〈 0.05]. Maximal quantity of respiratory oxygen, movement time and exercise intensity in the sports major group 2 were lower than those in the sports major group 1 （P 〈 0.05）. Movement time and exercise intensity in the sports major group 2 were distinctly lower than those in the traditional national major group 2 [movement time：（15.3±1.8）, （17.3±1.1） min; exercise intensity： 5.1±0.5,5.7±0.6, P 〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION： With the grade becomes higher, cerdiopulmonary function of different sports major students decreases. Martial art exercise can elevate the cerdiopulmonary function of the university students. There is no significant difference of cardiopulmonary function of students in traditional national major and sports major.