速度滑冰与短道速度滑冰运动员身体功能评定

Physical function evaluation for athletes of speed skating and short-track speed skating

目的:总结速度滑冰与短道速度滑冰运动员各项生理生化指标,开发应用生理生化指标对身体功能进行评定,为科学训练提供参考依据。方法:分析速度滑冰与短道速度滑冰项目特点,并根据其特点制定了各项生理生化指标的参考值。结果:速度滑冰与短道速度滑冰均有周期性耐力性项目特点,要求运动员必须具备较强的无氧代谢能力,尤其是抗乳酸能力,可用4mmol/L做无氧阈训练监控指标。血尿素参考值4￣7mmol/L,功能下降或训练量大时增高。血清肌酸激酶强度训练时可高达16.67μkat/L以上。血红蛋白参考值为男120￣160g/L,女110￣150g/L。免疫指标和内分泌指标均应定期监测,为提供身体功能信息有重要意义。结论:可用血乳酸系统监控和评估有氧与无氧耐力水平,运动员身体功能评定是科学化训练重要保证,是科学训练的重要部分。

AIM： To summarize the physiological and biochemical indexes of the athletes of speed skating and short-track speed skating to evaluate the physical function, so as to provide valuable references for scientific training. METHODS： Based on the characteristics of speed skating and short-track speed skating, the reference values of each physiological and biochemical index was obtained. RESULTS： Both two sport events ware characterized by periodicity and endurance. So the athletes must have strong anaerobic metabolism ability, especially the anti-lactate capacity, which could regard 4 mmol/L as the inspected value. The reference value of blood urea was 4-7 mmol/L, which would increase when the energy decreased or training increased. When intense exercises ware undertaken, the serum cretin hormonal enzyme would exceed 16.67 μkat/L; the reference value of haemoglobin was 120-160 g/L for male and 110-150 g/L for female. The indexes of immunity and secretion should be inspected regularly, which were significant for providing functional information. CONCLUSION： The level of aerobic and anoxic endurance could be monitored and evaluated by lactic acid system. The assessment of the physical function of athletes ensures the scientific training and is an important part of it.