运动中跟腱断裂的原因及预防

Cause and prophylaxis of Achilles tendon injury from sports

目的:分析运动中跟腱断裂的原因和发生部位,找到预防的措施。方法:通过检索文献资料、调查访问和临床诊断等方法,对34例在运动中因非外力的原因造成跟腱断裂的个案进行分析。结果:34例全部为在运动中因非外力的原因造成跟腱急性闭合性断裂,其中30例为完全断裂,4例为不完全断裂。损伤的主要原因:①跟腱患有退行性病变,变得脆弱,易断裂。②跟腱部位过度疲劳。③热身活动不足。④技术动作不合理。⑤跟腱的退行性变化提前于肌肉造成的软组织活性不协调。⑥可能的原因:近几年来吃的转基因食品较多或吃的动物肉类所含激素成分较多,造成肌腱脆性增加。34例中有25例为跟腱中部断裂,占74%,即断点在跟腱止点上方3～5cm。34例中28例断端不整齐呈现马尾状,19例曾有慢性跟腱周围炎病史,且年龄平均在40岁以上。断裂部位集中,断裂类型较一致。结论:运动前应充分做好热身活动,防止运动中过度疲劳,严格控制营养素的摄取,尽量少补充含激素成分较多的肉类和转基因食品,以减少跟腱断裂情况的发生。

AIM： To analyze the causes and occurrence parts of achilles tendon cracked, and find the preventive measures. METHODS： This article analyzed 34 cases of achilles tendon cracked in sport because of indirect forces by the ways of data index, visit, investigation and clinical diagnosis. RESULTS： Totally 34 cases of achilles tendon all acute closed cracked in sport by indirect forces, of which 30 cases were quite cracked, the others halfway cracked. Main reasons of injury： ①The achilles tendon emerged degenerative pathological changes and became weaker and easily broke. ②The part of achilles tendon excessively became exhausted. ③There were no plenty of warming up exercises. ④The leg muscle exerted force unreasonably. ⑤The achilles tendon easily became tired and injured, but the strength receded more slowly, which caused the ability of the achilles tendon and the leg muscle bear force and perform force unbalanced. ~）The another possible reason was that recently people ate more transform gene foods and meat that contained more hormone ingredient,＇ which might cause tendon fragility increased. Of the 34 cases, 25 were with middle achilles tendon cracked （74%）; Breakpoint was at 3-5 cm upper tendon insertion; 28 ware with irregular broken ends, showing cauda equina shape; 19 ware with chronic peritendinitis before, averagely aged over 40 years. Breakpoint and broken type were similar. CONCLUSION： The protection measures beforehand is firstly to do warm-up activity and prevent excessive tired in sports game, and finally try to eat few meat that contained more hormone ingredient and transform gene foods as more as possible so as to decrease the occurrence of achilles tendon cracked.