杉木良种种子品质遗传改良初步研究

A Primary Study on Genetic Improvement of Chinese Fir Seed Quality

对杉木优良种源、１代种子园、１．５代种子园、２代种子园和优良家系的种子千粒重、涩粒率、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数等品质的遗传改良进行了系统研究，并估算了遗传力和遗传增益。结果表明，约有６０％以上良种的种子品质有不同程度的提高，其中涩粒率和千粒重改良程度较大。良种种子品质的差异和遗传增益的变化，在选育层次之间，没有一定的变化趋势，并不随选育层次的提高而提高。不同种子园之间同一家系的种子品质差异极显著。种子性状遗传力大小次序是：千粒重＞涩粒率＞发芽率＞发芽指数＞活力指数。对杉木良种种子品质评价，不应以选育层次的高低论“优良”，而应以遗传改良实际进展为依据。对优良家系选择，要考虑其所在的不同种子园之间的差异。

The genetic improvement of 1 000 seed weight,woody seed rate,germination percent,germination index and vigor index were systematically studied for the good provenance of Chinese fir,F1 seed orchard,F1 5 seed orchard,F2 seed orchard and fine family The results showed that the seed qualities of above 60% fine varieties were improved in varying degress,especially woody seed rate and 1000 seed weight There was no fixed rule in the seed quality differences of fine varieties and the change of genetic gains,with no increasing as selective classes rise The seed quality of same family in different seed orchards had a extreme difference The heritabilities of seed quality,from great to small order,were as follows:1 000 seed weight,woody seed rate,germination percent,germination index and vigor index Evaluating seed quality should take practical advance of genetic improvement as basis,not selective classes Seleting fine family should notice difference among the seed orchards