无机物对硝酸铵相转变的影响

Effect of Inorganic Additives on Phase Transition of Ammonium Nitrate

通过添加含量为0.99%的不同类型无机物对硝酸铵(AN)进行改性,采用差式扫描量热法(DSC)研究20余种无机物对改性AN相转变的影响。结果表明,所采用的钾盐均可有效防止AN发生Ⅳ-Ⅲ相转变,氧化物、Cu(NO3)2、(NH4)2SO4等无机物可有效防止AN发生Ⅲ-Ⅱ相转变,KCl与ZnO的复配物可同时防止AN发生Ⅳ-Ⅲ及Ⅲ-Ⅱ的相转变。无机物对AN相转变的影响是阴阳离子半径及匹配性、离子取代、形成固溶体、掺杂、溶解度、离子空间构型及电荷数等多种因素共同作用的结果。

The modified ammonium nitrate（AN） was prepared by adding more than 20 kinds of inorganic additives with dosage of 0.99% （wt） , and the effects of these additives on AN polymorphs were studied by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） method. The results show that potassic salts prevent the transition of Ⅳ- Ⅲ effectively, while oxide, Cu （ NO3 ） 2, （ NH4 ）2SO4 and MgSO4 prevent the transition of Ⅲ- Ⅱ , the composite of KCl and ZnO prevent the transition of Ⅳ- Ⅲ and Ⅲ- Ⅱ simultaneously. The effects of inorganic additives on AN phase transition are the coaction of such factors as anion and cation radius and their matching, ion substitution, the form of solid solutions, adulteration, solubility, charges, ion stereostructure etc.