西藏高原基础设施建设规划的生态风险评价——以西藏山南地区为例

Ecological risk appraisal of programming infrastructure construction in Tibet Plateau:a case study on Sannan Administrative Region

西藏高原脆弱区内的基础设施建设对区域内的生态与环境产生了重大胁迫,因此在完成基建规划编制后,需要评估规划中潜在的生态风险。以西藏山南地区小康示范县为研究区域,对基建规划进行了生态风险评估,结果表明:(1)生态风险区和自然生态脆弱区呈带状分布,略呈对称形,但二者的强度分布相反;(2)基建对轻度脆弱区的干扰最为强烈,与雅江宽谷区的人口快速增长和社会经济最为活跃相对应,区内的灌丛草原和亚高山草原生态系将受到严重胁迫;(3)基建工程对土壤结构、植被、水土保持、高原景观和局部地质条件等构成很大威胁,道路、给排水和农牧水利工程的扰动面积较大;(4)生态与环境规划应当与基建规划衔接,要关注基建工程对区域景观格局及高原生态系统的长期影响,并提出相应预警措施。

The construction of infrastructure in fragility areas in Tibet Plateau engenders great menaces to the ecology and environment of the autonomous region. The appraisal of potential ecological risk is needed after the programming of infrastructures worked out. Taking snug demonstration counties as a case study, the ecological risk of pro- gramming of infrastructure was appraised and the results showed that： （ 1 ） the distribution of ecological risk zones and natural ecological fragility zones shape into band with slight symmetry, whereas the distribution of their intensity is reverse; （2） the interference of infrastructures construction, corresponding with the increasing population and flourishing social-economic activities, is severe in light fragility zone, where the bush-grassland and sub-alp grassland eco-systems are menaced seriously; （3） soil structure, vegetation, water and soil conservation, plateau land- scape and local geology is menaced by the infrastructures construction, the disturbed areas of road, water supply, drainage and irrigation works are larger; （4） the programming of ecology and environment should be compatible with infrastructures construction, the long term effects of infrastructure projects on regional landscape pattern and plateau ecosystems should be concerned, and the prevention countermeasures should be put forward.