中国中小学生伤害发生率分析

Systematic review on the rate for injure incident among elementary and middle school students in China

目的系统总结国内不同地区中小学生伤害发生情况、发生率及人次发生率,为伤害发生的预防与控制措施提供基础数据。方法采用系统综述的方法,根据研究问题制订检索策略,检索有关伤害发生率调查的研究文献,进行排除归纳后建立数据库并进行描述性分析。结果符合入选标准的文章共42篇,涉及伤害监测样本量259994人,其中发生伤害79995人和127978人次,伤害合计发生率按人数和人次数分别为30.77%和49.22%。中小学生伤害发生率差异无统计学意义(t= -1.752,P=0.110)。男、女生伤害发生率差异有统计学意义(t=5.998,P=0.000),男生高于女生。不同地区报告的伤害发生率差异无统计学意义(F=1.890,P=0.120)。不同报告类型的伤害发生率差异有统计学意义(X^2=20.077,P=0.003)。伤害发生率前3位依次为跌伤、运动致伤、交通车辆伤。结论对发表文献的系统综述表明,国内中小学生伤害发生以跌伤、运动致伤、交通车辆伤最高。

Objective To obtain the incidence rate of injury in primary and middle school students in China, so as to provide basic information for the development of prevention and control strategy. Methods Systematic review was applied to summarize the published data. After strict inclusion and exclusion, 42 eligible articles were included for analysis. Results A total number of 259 994 subjects was studied with 79 995 persons, 127 978 person-time involved in different kinds of injuries with the total incidence rate of 30.77% by person and 49.22% by person-time, respectively. The incidence rates of injury were not statistically significant between primary and middle schools（ t = 1. 752, P = 0.110） or at different places（F = 1.890, P = 0. 120）. However, significant differences were found between boys and girls（t = 5. 998 ,P = 0. 000）. The top three injuries were caused by fall, hurt during sports activities and transportation vehicles. Conclusion Results from the systematic review indicated that the majority of injuries were fall, hurt during sports activities and transportation vehicles among primary and middle school students in China. In order to reduce the incidence of injury, health education and improvement of environment should be particularly strengthened in the future.