后小儿麻痹症候群的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of postpolio syndrome

目的通过对上海市小儿麻痹后遗症患者健康状况的调查,了解后小儿麻痹症候群(postpolio syn- drome,PPS)的发生率及其防治情况。方法运用现场流行病学的调查方法,随机抽样调查上海市共121例小儿麻痹后遗症患者肌力下降、疲劳程度、疼痛、呼吸障碍、睡眠障碍等症状的发生情况,并对调查结果进行分析。结果121例被调查者中,新出现症状者88例,其中出现2种以上症状者37例,即PPS患者,占总数的30.6%。PPS患者中,36例出现疲劳症状,占97.3%;37例均出现不同程度的肌力下降,占100.0%;22例出现不同程度的关节和肌肉疼痛,占59.5%;3例出现不同程度的胸闷、气急等症状,但无严重的呼吸功能障碍,占8.1%;29例出现睡眠障碍,占78.4%;20例对寒冷耐受不良,占54.1%;12例表现出不同的心理障碍,占32.4%;5例出现不同程度的性功能不全,占13.5%;仅6例患者进行了不同程度的功能锻炼,占16.2%。结论需重视小儿麻痹后遗症患者中PPS的发病,从医疗、康复、教育等方面给予特殊的帮助和治疗,使他们重新树立起对生活的信心,克服身体功能上残疾,保持健康身心,重返社会生活。

Objective To investigate the health status of patients suffering polio in Shanghai, so as to better understand the incidence and prevention of postpolio syndrome （PPS）. Methods The muscular weakness, fatigue, pain, breathing difficulties, sleep disorder, and other symptoms, were investigated in 121 polio survivors in Shanghai by on-spot epidemiological method. Results Eighty-eight of the 121 polio survivors complained of new symptoms, including 37（30.6M） cases with more than two symptoms or PPS. Of the 37 PPS patients, 36（97.3%） had fatigue and all had muscle weakness of different degrees. Twenty-two（59. 4%） patients had different degrees of joint and muscle pain. Three（8. 1%） patients had different degrees of shortness of breath, but with no severe breath dysfunction. Twenty-nine（78.4%） patients had sleep disorders. Twenty（54. 1%） patients had poor tolerance to coldness. Twelve（32.4 %） patients had psychological problems. Five（13.5 %） patients had different degrees of sexual dysfunction. Only 6（16.2%） patients had done exercise of different degrees. Conclusion Efforts should be taken to control the PPS in polio survivors. Treatment should be given to these patients in order to restore their confidence toward life and help them to lead a normal life.