鳞毛蕨科的孢子形态研究

Spore Morphology of the Family Dryopteridaceae

对鳞毛蕨科及其相近类群的19属65种的孢子形态进行了光学显微镜观察,并对其中12属30种进行了扫描电镜观察。鳞毛蕨科的孢子左右对称,极面观为椭圆形、近球形,赤道观为肾形,极轴/赤道轴的比值为0.60～0.86;单缝孢,裂缝长度约为孢子全长的1/2～3/4,属中至大型孢子。鳞毛蕨科具有多样性的外壁纹饰:不仅包括刺状、瘤状、颗粒状、脊状、窗孔状、耳状、片状及翅状等几种基本类型,而且还存在一些中间过渡类型。根据孢子形态特征,对本科的属间关系进行了探讨。孢子形态特征的相似性支持假复叶耳蕨属、肉刺蕨属、球盖蕨科与鳞毛蕨属的近缘关系,黔蕨属与复叶耳蕨属间的近缘关系。玉龙蕨属的两个种的孢子纹饰与耳蕨属的部分种一致,支持将玉龙蕨属作为耳蕨属的异名处理。拟贯众属独特的翅状纹饰支持将其从鳞毛蕨科中分离出去。

The spere morphology of 65 species of 19 genera repmseming D ryopteridaceae and its allies were investigated by light microscopy, and 30 species of 12 genera among them were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The spores of Dryopteridaceae are monolete, bilaterally symmetrical, and the aperture is 1/2-3/4 of the spore in length. The polar outline is ellipsoidal to subsphaeroidal, and the equatorial longitudinal view is kidney-shaped. The value of P/E ranges from 0.60 to 0.86. The size of spore varied from medium to large. SEM observations showed that perine was present. There are diversified spore ornamentations in Dryopteridaceae： echinate, tubemulate, granulate, lophate, fenestrate, anriculate, lamellate and Mate. Furthermore, there exist intermediate types. The relationships among genera in the Dryopteridaceae are discussed based on spore morphology. The results implied that： （ 1 ） Acrorumohra, Nothoperanema, and Peranemaceae were closely related to Dryopteris; （2） Leptorumohra, Phaneroptdebiopsis and lithostegia were closely related to Arachniodes. （3） The similar spore ornamentations shared by Sorolepidium and some species of Polystichum suggested Sorolepidium be considered as part of Polystichum. （4） Cyclopeltis was supported to be excluded from the Dryopteridaceae because of its unique alate spore ornamentation.