超临界流体技术制备纳米材料的研究与展望

Nanomaterials Preparation in the Supercritical Fluid System

纳米科技是人们普遍关注的重要领域,而纳米材料充当其中的基础性角色。本文介绍了在新兴绿色环保介质——超临界流体中纳米材料的合成及其制备,涉及范围包括从准零维纳米微粒到三维纳米材料,从无机纳米材料到有机聚合物纳米材料。其中不仅介绍了超临界流体中纳米材料的制备方法,同时也包括制备过程中超临界流体特殊性质,如溶胀、塑化和低表面张力所起的重要作用,并对超临界流体技术在纳米材料制备中的应用前景进行展望。

The development of nano science and technology will produce a deep and essential revolution of science and technology. During this process, nanomaterials will play an important and fundamental role. This paper gives an overview on a newly arisen green and environmentally friendly solvent, supercritical fluid and its application in the preparation process of nanomaterials from semi-zero-dimensional particles to three-dimensional materials and from inorganic nanomaterials to organic polymeric nanomaterials. Not only different methods about supercritical CO2 used in nanomaterials preparation are introduced, but also the unique properties of supercritical CO2 and its advantages during the preparation process, such as swelling effect, plasticizing effect and low surface tension, etc., are also referred. In addition, the potential applications of supercritical fluids in nanomaterial fabrications in the future are expected.