从天下主义到和谐世界:中国外交哲学选择及其实践意义

From Tian-Xia Doctrine to Harmonious World: Diplomatic-Philosophic Choice of China and Its Practical Implications

天下主义立论重点不完全切合当前中国外交的现实需要。在文化本原上,天下主义始于《易》,成于老庄,行于春秋,汉儒的天下主义只是在制度和形式上一统了天下。近代中国天下主义与西方民族主义相遇是败在社会文明形态落后上,而不是中华文化特质上。现代中华思想已由多种元素构成。中国社会伦理道德正快速走向现代化、多元化、复合化。诸如现代性和主体性及主体间性给现代国际社会带来的种种问题,一定会在发展中得到解决。中国在基本完成塑造现代政治民族的任务后,反过头来重新认识和肯定自己固有的文化,向中华传统文化的精神实质复归,将缩小中国与国际社会在政治上的差异,促进中国与现行国际体系主导国战略合作关系的发展,加强中美两国在维护世界、地区和平与稳定方面的共同利益。

The theoretical basis of Tian-Xia doctrine might not quite fit in with the practical needs of China＇s diplomacy. With regard to its cultural origin, Tian-Xia doctrine stemmed from the classic work Yi, and took shape in the Spring and Autumn Period; and it unified the country only constitutionally and formally with the efforts of Confucianists in Han Dynasty. In modem times, the defeat of Chinese Tian-Xia doctrine by Western nationalism is clue to the backward form of its civilization, and not to the essence of its traditional culture. Now Chinese culture and way of thinking consist of many elements, and social morality in China is developing fast toward modernization, polarization and complexness. Problems such as modernity, subjectivity and inter-subjectivity stemming from modem international society can surely be solved in the development of human society. Having basically accomplished its task of forming a modern political nation, China rethinks and reaffirms its traditional culture and returns to its substantial spirit. This will help to narrow political differences between China and international community, promote its strategic cooperative relationship with the dominant powers of international system, and strengthen Sino-US common interests in maintaining peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region as well as the whole world.