科举制度的定义与起源申论

The Definition and Origin of the Imperial Examination

在中国科举制度的研究中,科举制度的定义与起源问题成为最大热门课题之一。科举制度是朝廷开设科目,士人可以自由报考,主要以考试成绩决定取舍的选拔官员的制度。科举制度的主要特点或曰与其他选官制度的根本区别,在于"主要以考试成绩决定取舍"。科举制度萌芽于南北朝,创始于隋,确立于唐,完备于宋,延续至元、明、清,前后经历了1300年之久。

The definition and the origin of the imperial examination of is a hot issue in the study of the system of the imperial examination in China. The imperial examination refers to the examination conducted by the court and everybody can participate in so as to choose the officials. The main feature of the imperial examination different from other official-election lies in that it chose the officials based on the scores. It had its original form at Northern and Southern Dynasty, and established at Sui Dynasty, made clear at Tang Dynasty and completed at Song Dynasty, and went through Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties for as long as 1,300 years.