是讽谕时事还是即事抒怀——论苏轼早期人生思想与《黄牛庙》诗的主旨

Satirizing Current Affairs os Expressing His Feeling?——On the Poem "Huang Niu Temple" of Su Shi and His Early Outlooks On Life

苏轼的《黄牛庙》是一首即事抒怀的诗。其内容与《史记》所写李斯见仓鼠、厕鼠处境之不同而发出的"人之贤不肖譬如鼠矣,在所自处耳"的感慨实有异曲同工之妙。这正是诗人的思想在由好道慕隐向追求仕途功名转变的过程中,因为"世味"所诱,对富贵、势力产生羡慕之情的真实流露。历来认为这是一首讽喻实事的诗,是以比兴手法反映社会不平等和阶级对立的严重,这实在是一种误解。

The poem ＂Huang Niu Temple＂, written by Su Shi, was a lyric expressing his feeling. This poem described different fates of two oxen, one enshrined in the temple, the other buried with plough in the fields. Similarly, thinking about the difference between a hamster and a toilet rat, Li Si came to understand that no matter how much talent a man might have, his life depended on his environment, and the best was to be like the mouse living in the granary. Su Shi and Li Si achieved the same goal with different means in this way. What more, Su Shi＇s ideal was changed from seeking to be a hermit earlier to pursuing an official career later and became an admirer of wealth and power, influenced by social reality in his time. However, it is a mistake that the poem has been understood to satirize current affairs and reflect social unfairness and conflicts in form of metaphor.