不同生物源药剂对小麦白粉病的防治效果及机理探讨

Control Efficacy and Mechanism of Different Bio-medicaments on Wheat Powdery Mildew

以化学药剂三唑酮为对照,3测定了种新研制的生物药剂对感病春麦品种辽春10白粉病的防治效果及机理。结果表明:植物源杀菌剂处理的小区病情指数增长慢,最终数值低(22.90,20.33);植物源杀菌剂保护和治疗作用防效分别为66.78%和73.33%,防效均优于其他生物药剂。直接测定不同药剂对白粉病无性孢子萌发的抑制作用,对孢子萌发抑制的EC50值为24.47,比三唑酮的EC50值(35.04)低,说明具有很强的抑制作用。在不接种白粉病条件下,辽春10小麦喷施植物源杀菌剂等药剂后,出现了类似抗病品种的反应,体内的重要防御酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、酯酶(EST)和-β1,3-葡聚糖酶活性都有显著升高,这可能是控制病害发展的相关生理机理。

Control efficacy and mechanism of different germicides including three bio-medicaments on Blumeria graminis （DC.） Speer f.sp. tritici Marchal on the susceptible spring wheat variety Liaochun 10 were reported. The results showed that the disease index in the experiment with plant-derived germicides （PDG） developed very slowly and the ultimate values were about 22.90 and 20.33, being lower than those of other bio-medicaments. The preventive and curative efficacy was 66.78% and 73.33%, respectively. Its control efficacy excelled other bio-medicaments. Direct measurement of asexual spore germination inhibiting rate with different germicides, EC50 of PDG was 24.47, being lower than that of triamofon（35.04）. In addition, the activities of 7 types of defensive enzymes, PAL, POD, CAT, SOD, PPO, EST and β-1,3-glucanase were tested after spraying Liaochun 10 with different germicides under natural condition. The experiment also showed that the activities of the enzymes became much higher than control, which could help control powdery mildew disease of wheat.