基于坡向判断的分布式水文模型研究应用

An application study on distributed hydrological model based on aspect estimation

针对西北内陆高寒山区的水文、气象特点,以网格为最小单元将流域离散。通过分析同一高程网格坡向不同及其对到达地面太阳短波辐射通量的影响,提出地形要素差异导致地面冷热源再分布,调控融雪出流量,继而将坡向判断也作为系统重要输入项之一嵌入到模型计算中。最后通过在每一栅格单元上采用融雪型新安江产流模型与SCS汇流模型,构建整个流域的分布式水文模型。该模型在甘肃省石羊河流域进行模拟研究,其结果令人满意。

In view of the hydrologic and meteorologic characters of the inland alpine region in the North-West China, watershed is dispersed by grids. Through the analysis on the effects from the different aspects in the equal elevation grids upon the solar shortwave radiation received by ground surface, it is indicated that the discrepancy of landform elements leads to redistribution of the heat and cold sources of the ground surface and affects the snowmeh runoff, and then the aspect estimation is also taken as an important input to be inset into the model calculation. Based on the application of Snowmeh Type Xinanjiang model and SCS confluence model to each grid, a distributed hydrological model for the entire watershed established at last. The model is already applied to the simulation of Shiyang River Basin in Gansu Province with a satisfactory result.