生态系统服务功能的空间尺度特征

Spatial scale characteristics of ecosystem services

生态系统服务功能的形成依赖于一定的空间和时间尺度上的生态系统结构与过程,只有在特定的时空尺度上才能表现其显著的主导作用和效果。不同尺度的生态系统服务功能对不同行政尺度上的利益相关方具有不同的重要性。一般而言,生态系统产品提供功能往往与当地居民的利益更密切;调节功能和支持功能通常与区域、全国,甚至全球尺度的人类利益相关;文化功能则与本地-全球尺度上的利益相关方关系密切。由于不同尺度的生态系统服务功能有时互相冲突,从而可能导致不同的生态系统管理策略。本文探讨了生态系统服务功能在不同空间尺度上的表现特征和生态系统服务功能的空间规律,论述了不同空间尺度上生态系统服务功能与不同行政尺度上利益相关方的关系,以期为生态系统服务功能的评价、生态补偿机制的建立与生态系统管理提供科学依据。

Ecosystem services depend on the earth system processes taking place over a range of spatial-temporal scales. The significant dominant effect of ecosystem processes and ecosystem services can only be expressed in particular spatial-temporal scale. Stakeholders at different institutional scales attach different values to ecosystem services at different ecological scales. Generally, product-providing services have close relationships with the benefits of local people, regulating and supporting services tend to have close relationships with the benefits of people at regional, national, and even global scales, and cultural services have close relationships with the stakeholders from local to global scales. Sometimes, there exists contradiction between ecosystem services across different scales, which leads to different ecosystem management strategies. This paper discussed the spatial characteristics of ecosystem services, and probed into the relationships between the ecosystem services at different spatial scales and the stakeholders at different institutional scales, as well as their implications in ecosystem services evaluation, ecological compensation, and ecosystem management.