《史记》与清人的史表研究

Historical Records and the Research for the Historical Form in the Qing Dynasty

史表作为史学著作体例之一而被确立下来,始于司马迁的《史记》。后代史家追踪马迁,或编纂史表,或研究史表,使史表的内涵和功能有了多方面的发展,逐渐形成了运用史表、研读史表的传统,并在此过程中提出了很多关于史表编纂和应用的理论。这一点在清代史家中体现得尤为突出,其读表、研表和作表用力之勤为前代史家所少见,说明史表在清代已臻于成熟。他们对史表编纂的经验总结和理论阐述,对今天的史书编纂仍有很重要的参考价值。

The Historical Form, as one of the established forms of historical works, originated from Historical Records by Shi Ma-qian. After that, a consistent imitation and research of many historians made it develop greatly both in connotation and in function, thus setting up the tradition of application and research for the Historical Form. And during the process, appeared a series of theories about its compiling and application. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, they were so considerable that the interpretation, research and compilation of historical forms became most striking. It is necessary for today ＇s compiling of historical books to give a summary of their experience of the compilation and application of the theories.