明清时期苏州文人与教育市场

Reseach on the scholars' making a living in Suzhou educational market at the period of Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期,苏州的一些文人出于各种原因参与教育市场,并多根据自身的特点、条件从事治生活动,主要集中在授徒、就职于书院、卖文、刻书和撰稿等几个领域,其中一部分官员在去职后,也加入了治生队伍的行列。一部分文人获利不菲,亦有许多文人仅能维持生计。文人治生呈现出多样化的特点,这与当时的环境、思想观念的变化是密不可分的。

Some scholars participated in making a living in Suzhou educational market in view of various masons according to condition and the characteristic of self. They set foot in some occupations which mainly concentrated on teaching pupils, assuming office in academy of classical learning, selling writings, carving books, contributing compositions and etc. A part of officials also joined in the ranks of the troops of making a living after leaving office. Some scholars got great profits, but a lot of scholars could maintain livelihood only. Their cases are different, which embodies diversified characteristic.