基于RS和GIS的唐山沿海地区湿地结构动态监测

THE DYNAMIC CHANGE AND FACTORS OF THE TANGSHAN COASTAL WETLAND

利用历史资料和Landsat TM卫星遥感图像，研究了唐山市沿海地区湿地结构自上世纪80年代以来的演变特征。着重时1987-2004年陡河——滦河之间的湿地结构类型进行了识别，绘制了不同时期的湿地面积解译图。利用Mapinfo制图软件计算出两个时期的面积转化矩阵，对该区主要湿地类型浅海水域、滩涂、芦苇沼泽、水稻田、养殖场、盐田等湿地的面积进行了年份比较。从而分析得出唐山市沿海湿地结构从80年代至今以来破碎化加重，应该加强湿地结构的动态监测。

Utilizing the historical data and the Landsat TM data, the paper studies the dynamic change from 1949, and studies the types of the coastal wetland between the Douhe river and the Luanhe river from 1987 to 2004. Making use of the Mapinfo software and computing two periods of conversion matrixes of the coastal wetland such as shallow sea,marsh and swamp, it indicates that the coastal wetland presents an obvious degradation trend, then by analysing the factors of degradation of the coastal wetland, the paper performs an estimate of the degradation of the coastal wetland.