私人、公民、哲学家:政治哲学中的三种思维方式

Private Person,Citizen and Philosopher:An Inquiry into Three Ways of Thinking in Political Philosophy

私人、公民、哲学家是切入政治哲学的3种不同的角度,它们代表3种不同的政治哲学的思维方式,并形成3种不同的理论形态。它们之间的深层差异,乃在于谋求政治合法性的不同方式,即分别从前政治的价值、政治生活本身的价值、哲学真理的角度为政治社会提供合法性证明。文章在分析3种模式各自利弊的基础上,认为哲学家在从事政治哲学的时候,应当从一种具有包容性的公民身份观念出发进行理论构造,着力阐发公民间横向的政治关系,以便既突出政治哲学的政治之维,同时又回应价值的多元性。

Private person,citizen and philosopher are three perspectives from which one can examine political philosophy,and they represent three different ways of thinking in political philosophy with three distinctive forms of theory.Their deep-seated difference lies in the different models of seeking political legitimacy,i.e.,justifying the legitimacy of political society respectively from the angles of pre-political values,the value of political life itself and philosophical truth.Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each model,this article draws the conclusion that a philosopher should construct his theory with an inclusive conception of citizenship from the very beginning,exert himself to elucidate the transverse political relationship among citizens,so that he can both display the political dimension of political philosophy and respond to the plurality of values.